Potential Therapeutic Implications of Securidaca longipedunculata Root Bark Ethanolic Extract in a Rat Model of Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract

This study explores the neuroprotective potential of Securidaca longipedunculata (Violet tree) used in traditional African medicine for treating traumatic brain injury (TBI). Fifteen albino rats were divided into three groups: a control group without TBI or treatment, a TBI group treated with S. longipedunculata (400 mg/kg body weight for 21 days), and a TBI group without treatment. TBI was induced using the weight drop method. Neurological responses were assessed using a revised neurological severity score, and haematological parameters (WBC, RBC, HB, PCV, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes) were measured, including the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio. Plasma glucose levels were monitored hourly for three hours post-TBI and daily for three days. Histological analysis of brain tissues was performed. Results indicated that rats treated with S. longipedunculata exhibited significantly lower neurological severity scores and better responsiveness compared to untreated TBI rats during the first two weeks of treatment. Treated rats also showed higher PCV, HB, and RBC levels, and lower WBC, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts. Plasma glucose levels in treated rats steadily decreased, a trend not seen in untreated TBI rats. Histology revealed less severe brain lesions in treated rats. The study concludes that S. longipedunculata may reduce inflammatory responses and enhance hematopoietic activity in TBI rats, suggesting its potential for developing new neuroprotective pharmaceuticals.