Prevalence of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella and Aerobic Bacteria Causing Bacteraemia among HIV/AIDS Seropositive Patients Attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano State

Abstract

The study aimed at determining the prevalence of non-typhoidal Salmonella and aerobic bacteria causing bacteraemia among HIV/AIDS seropositive patients attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, the relationship between the CD4 cell counts and prevalence of these bacterial infections among the study population. Two hundred and sixty (260) HIV patients of 77 (29.6%) males and 183 (70.4%) females of 22-75 years were enrolled for the study. Socio-demographic and clinical history were obtained. The CD4 cell counts were enumerated using Cytoflometer. Bacteriological blood culture, isolation, identification and characterization of isolates were carried out using standard microbiological methods. The Salmonella isolates identified were further subjected to biochemical reactions using Enterosystem 18R test kits. Data were analysed using Chi-squared method. P-value < 0.05 was taken as the level of significance. The overall prevalence of Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) was 5.7% (n=2) with male and female having the same prevalence of 1 (2.9%) each. Other bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aureus 19 (54.1%), Klebsiella spp 6(17.1%), Escherichia coli 3(8.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3(8.6%), Salmonella typhi 2(5.7%). Staphylococcus aureus had good sensitivities to vancomycin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin and amikacin but were resistant mainly erythromycin (68%). The Gram-negative organisms isolated also showed 100% resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, colistin and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole while being highly sensitive to meropenem, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin .Though the association of NTS and bacteraemia   among HIV infected patients was low in this study (13.5%), there is need for increased public enlightenment on the subject-matter to limit the spread of this infectious agents to reduce associated morbidity and mortality.