Prevalence of Urinary Schistosomiasis among Primary School Pupils in Bindawa Local Government Area of Katsina State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study investigated the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis among primary school pupils in Bindawa Local Government Area (LGA), Katsina State, Nigeria. A total of 500 pupils from 12 randomly selected schools participated in the study conducted between October and December 2023. Urine samples were collected and microscopically examined for Schistosoma haematobium. Prevalence rates were statistically analysed with significance set at p ≤ 0.05. The overall prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis was higher among males (38.2%) compared to females (24.3%). Age-specific prevalence was highest among pupils aged 11–15 years (36.5%), followed by those aged 6–10 years (33.6%) and 1–5 years (30.7%). The primary risk factors for infection included contact with streams (47.7%) and wells (27.8%), with activities like irrigation (46.6%) and catching fish (36.2%) posing significant exposure risks. Frequency of water body visits, history of travel, and lack of awareness about schistosomiasis were also associated with increased infection rates. Structured questionnaires revealed limited knowledge of the disease's curability and preventive measures. History of haematuria (33.8%) and Praziquantel administration (33.9%) highlighted the ongoing challenges in disease control. The findings underscore the persistent burden of urinary schistosomiasis in the study area and the need for improved hygiene practices, provision of safe drinking water, effective sanitation, and health education. Targeted interventions such as regular deworming with Praziquantel and public awareness campaigns are crucial to mitigating the risk of infection among school-aged children.