Ensuring Clean Water for All: The Vital Importance of Assessing Lake Alau Water Quality Index

Abstract

This study evaluates the Water Quality Index (WQI) of Lake Alau in Borno State, Nigeria, to determine its appropriateness for consumption, fish culture, and industrial use. Lake Alau, formed by damming the Ngadda River, is a critical water source for Maiduguri Metropolis and surrounding agricultural areas. The study was conducted over 18 months, from January 2019 to June 2020, across three sampling stations, assessing key physicochemical parameters including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), nitrate (NO³), and nitrite (NO²). The findings reveal that Lake Alau's WQI is 30.96, categorizing it as 'good' and suitable for various uses. Despite significant anthropogenic activities such as agriculture and settlements around the lake, water quality parameters remain within acceptable Limits established by the World Health Organization. (WHO). The study highlights the lake's resilience and ability to maintain water quality amidst external pressures. Seasonal variations influenced water temperature, with the lowest temperatures recorded during the harmattan season correlating with higher DO levels. Nitrate and nitrite concentrations were well below hazardous levels, ensuring the safety of aquatic life and human consumption. The study underscores the importance of continuous monitoring, pollution control measures, community education, and sustainable practices to preserve Lake Alau's water quality. By maintaining these efforts, Lake Alau can continue to provide clean water, support biodiversity, and meet the needs of the local population, thereby contributing to the broader goal of ensuring clean water for all.