Assessment of Soil Health Status and Exploring the Potential of Its Improvement Using Cover Crops in Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State

Abstract

This study assessed the soil health status of Dutsin-Ma by evaluating key physical, chemical, and biological properties. Soil samples were collected using a grid pattern, air-dried, and analyzed for various parameters, including soil texture, pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable bases, and micronutrient concentrations. The results indicate that the soil in Dutsin-Ma is predominantly sandy loam, with a slightly acidic pH (mean = 5.77) and moderate levels of available phosphorus (mean = 3.2 mg/kg). However, organic carbon (mean = 0.57%) and total nitrogen (mean = 0.05%) were found to be low, which may limit microbial activity and crop productivity. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) was moderate (mean = 3.24 cmol(+)/kg), indicating a fair ability to retain essential nutrients. Micronutrient analysis revealed that zinc (mean = 4.75 mg/kg), copper (mean = 2.70 mg/kg), manganese (mean = 25.50 mg/kg), and iron (mean = 116.83 mg/kg) were within acceptable ranges for crop growth, though iron variability suggests possible uptake challenges. Salinity parameters showed a high base saturation percentage (mean = 99.21%), low sodium adsorption ratio (mean = 0.08), and moderate magnesium hazard (mean = 25.00), indicating potential risks of soil structure deterioration over time. The study highlights the need for soil management practices such as organic amendments, cover cropping, and balanced fertilization to improve soil fertility and nutrient availability. Therefore, the outcomes of this research is recommended to be utilized by policymakers, researchers, and farmers in making informed decisions to enhance soil quality and long-term productivity in the region.