Meta-analysis of Antimicrobial use in Animals and their Public Health Significance at Senator Ali Modu Sheriff Veterinary Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

Abstract

A retrospective review of clinical record books from January 2021 to December 2023 was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobials administered and the associated disease conditions. The antimicrobials were administered in both large and small clinics, as well as the avian clinic at the Senator Ali Modu Sheriff Veterinary Hospital (SAMSVH) in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data, and the results are presented in the figures. It was observed that the most commonly used antimicrobials at SAMSVH Maiduguri included oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin, penicillin-streptomycin, sulphonamides, and tylosin. Penicillin-streptomycin was the most frequently used in large animal clinics. In contrast, gentamicin was used in small clinics, and neomycin-Plus was used in an avian clinic. Also, most of the disease conditions reported in the large animal, small animal, and avian clinic are infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. These included septicaemia, respiratory tract infections, helminthosis, coccidiosis, pestes des petits ruminants, foot and mouth disease, canine distemper, urinary tract infections, infectious bursal disease, fowl typhoid, Newcastle disease, among others. Goitre, orchitis, phimosis, and cataract are the least recorded diseases in the large animal clinic; feline panleukopenia and rectal prolapse are similarly least reported in the small animal clinic within the period under review. The infrequent use of antimicrobials such as ceftriaxone, amoxicillin, and diminazene in clinics is likely attributable to fewer documented cases for their respective clinical indications, limited confirmatory laboratory diagnostics, or the high cost associated with these medications.