Phytochemical Screening and Some Antibacterial Activities of Clerodendrum capitatum Leaves Extract

Abstract

Plant were used for medicinal purposes since ancient times for treatment of diverse ailments. Clerodendrum capitatum has been used in the treatment of tuberculosis, fever, obesity, diabetes mellitus, diarrhoea, asthma, etc. In this study, C. capitatum leaves were extracted using standard procedures and then subjected to phytochemical screening, thin layer chromatography (TLC), and column chromatography. The single spot isolated compound (I1) obtained from the column was subjected to antimicrobial analysis, bioautography, Fourie Transform Infrared (FT-IR) analysis. The phytochemical screening indicates the presence of secondary metabolite like alkaloid and terpenoid. The n-hexane extract TLC show 8 spots with different Retention factors (R_f) value, then after column was done, compound with R_F value 0.35 was isolated from the column chromatography. Antimicrobial test result showed that the Isolate was active against Salmonella  typhi, Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella spp, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus spp, Shigella spp, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus (with zones of inhibition range 7mm-17mm), highest activity was recorded against Staphylococcus epidermidis, and least activity against Bacillus megaterium both at concentration of 100mg/L. The bioautography also show zone of inhibition with white coloured visibility. The FT-IR analysis revealed that the isolates contain ketone functional group (RCOR) group. The presence of the secondary metabolite like alkaloids and terpenes in the crude extract and Ketone functional group in the isolate suggest the reasons for the antibacterial activity of the isolated compound.