Curative Effects of Neptunia oleracaea Hydroethanol Leaf Extract on Gentamacin-Induced Liver and Kidney Oxidative Stress in Wister Rats

Abstract

This study investigated the curative potential of Neptunia oleracea hydroethanolic leaf extract against gentamicin-induced oxidative stress in the liver and kidney of albino rats. Thirty-six rats were divided into six groups: normal control, negative control, standard control (gentamicin + silymarin 100 mg/kg), and three treatment groups receiving N. oleracea extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg). Acute toxicity testing showed no adverse effects up to 5000 mg/kg, indicating the extract is practically non-toxic (LD₅₀ > 5000 mg/kg). Gentamicin administration significantly increased serum AST, ALT, bilirubin, creatinine, urea, potassium, MDA, and hydrogen peroxide levels, while decreasing albumin, total protein, sodium, SOD, and GSH—confirming hepatic and renal oxidative damage. Treatment with N. oleracea extract produced dose-dependent protection, with the 400 mg/kg dose showing the most pronounced effects. The extract significantly restored liver function markers (AST, ALT, bilirubin, albumin, and total protein) and improved renal parameters (creatinine, urea, and electrolyte balance). Antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GSH) were enhanced, while lipid peroxidation markers (MDA, hydrogen peroxide) were reduced. Histopathological examination supported these biochemical results, showing preservation of normal liver and kidney structures in treated rats compared with the gentamicin-only group. In conclusion, Neptunia oleracea hydroethanolic leaf extract exhibits potent hepatocurative and nephrocurative effects against gentamicin-induced toxicity, likely due to its antioxidant mechanisms. These results validate its traditional medicinal use and highlight its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for managing drug-induced liver and kidney oxidative damage.