Sahel Journal of Life Sciences FUDMA (SAJOLS) is an Open Access Journal hosted by the Faculty of Life Sciences, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Nigeria. Currently, it publishes peer-reviewed open access journals online and in print, covering a diverse range of academic disciplines within (but not limited to) Life Sciences and allied fields. By offering its publications in Open Access, SAJOLS seeks to provide for the global academic community and facilitates the advancement and application of science.
Faculty of Life Sciences, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria
Phytoremediation Potentials of Selected Plant Species at Nigerian Defence Academy (NDA) Shooting Range, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Environmental contamination by heavy metals from industrial and military activities poses serious ecological and human health risks, particularly in shooting ranges where ammunition residues accumulate. This study assessed the phytoremediation potential and molecular characteristics of selected plant species at the Nigerian Defence Academy (NDA) shooting range. Soil and plant samples were collected from polluted and control sites, analyzed for heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn, Mn), and translocation factors (TF) were calculated. Results indicated significant increases in Cu (67.65 ± 0.05 vs 26.55 ± 0.07 mg/kg), Cr (40.65 ± 2.05 vs 3.05 ± 2.05 mg/kg), Mg (111.50 ± 0.60 vs 54.60 ± 0.60 mg/kg), Ni (42.05 ± 0.85 vs 26.75 ± 0.85 mg/kg), Pd (21.700 ± 11.100 vs 33.400 ± 27.000) and Zn (46.55 ± 1.05 vs 21.45 ± 1.15 mg/kg) at polluted soils compared to controls, while Cd showed no significant difference. Among these plants, Chamaecrista rotondifolia exhibited high Cd and Zn accumulation with root-to-shoot TF > 1, indicating strong phytoextraction potential. Waltheria indica also exhibited high Cd and Zn accumulation with root-to-shoot TF > 1, indicating moderate phytoextraction potential. Furthermore, Aeschynomene uniflora demonstrated selective Pb, Cd, Zn, Mn, and Ni translocation, while Eriosema psoraleoides and Isoberlinia doka primarily exhibited phytostabilization traits. The findings highlight species-specific strategies in metal uptake, translocation, and stabilization. Future studies should include genomic analyses to identify metal tolerance genes in these promising species.
Heavy metals; Metal accumulation; Phytoextraction; Phytoremediation; Phytostabilization; Soil contamination; Translocation factor
Copyright (c) 2026 Yakubu Magaji, Faila Atika Abubakar Garba, Mohammed Sani Abdulsalami, Yusuf Alhassan, Japheth Ishaya Auta
Feeding Habit, Length–Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Clarias gariepinus, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus and Oreochromis niloticus in Aiba Reservoir, Osun State, Nigeria
Understanding the biology and feeding ecology of freshwater fish species is essential for sustainable fisheries management and conservation of inland water ecosystems. This study investigated the feeding habits, length–weight relationships, and condition factor of Clarias gariepinus, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, and Oreochromis niloticus in Aiba Reservoir, Osun State, Nigeria. A total of 66 fish specimens were collected over six months and analysed using standard morphometric, biological, and stomach-content analytical procedures. Length–weight relationship parameters were estimated using least-squares regression analysis, while condition factor values were used to evaluate the physiological well-being of each species. Results revealed species-specific variations in morphometric characteristics, feeding habits, and reproductive conditions. All three species exhibited negative allometric growth patterns, indicating that increases in body length exceeded corresponding increases in body weight. Mean condition factor values were 0.94 ± 0.33 for C. gariepinus, 1.30 ± 0.23 for C. nigrodigitatus, and 1.01 ± 0.61 for O. niloticus, suggesting relatively favourable environmental conditions for growth and survival within the reservoir. Stomach-content analysis revealed active feeding across all species: O. niloticus exhibited omnivorous behaviour, C. gariepinus displayed carnivorous and opportunistic tendencies, and C. nigrodigitatus showed benthic and omnivorous feeding characteristics. Reproductive assessment identified immature, developing, mature, and spent gonadal stages, confirming active reproductive activity during the study period. These findings demonstrate that Aiba Reservoir supports fish growth, feeding, and reproduction, while providing baseline data for fisheries management, biodiversity conservation, and ecological monitoring in tropical freshwater ecosystems.
Aiba Reservoir; Allometric growth; Condition factor; Feeding ecology; Freshwater fish; Length-weight relationship; Nigeria
Copyright (c) 2026 Rofiat Ajobi Azeez, Omonike Christianah Bakare
Age-Specific Occurrence of Schistosoma mansoni Infection among Al-majiri Pupils in Rafin Guza and Hayin Dan Bushiya Schools, Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria
Schistosoma mansoni infection poses a significant public health challenge, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, with Nigeria bearing a substantial burden. Al-majiri pupils in Northern Nigeria are highly vulnerable to schistosomiasis due to poor sanitation and contaminated water contact. Despite recognized overall prevalence, study on the age-specific distribution of S. mansoni infection within the Al-majiri community in Kaduna metropolis remains an important gap for targeted control. This school-based cross-sectional study investigated 138 Al-majiri pupils aged 6-20 years from four schools in Rafin Guza and Hayin Dan Bushiya, Kaduna metropolis. Stool specimens were examined using the formalin-ether concentration technique. Participants were grouped into 6-10, 11-15 and 16-20 years age old. Pearson Chi-square (χ²) test was used to analyse locations and age-group differences. The overall prevalence of S. mansoni infection among the pupils was 14.5%. S. mansoni infection among Al-majiri pupils in Kaduna metropolis is significant (p = 0.003) age-dependent, with the highest burden concentrated in younger children (6-10 years) (25.4%), followed by pupils between 11-15 years old (7.8%). However, no infections were detected among pupils between 16-20 years old (0.0%). Occurrence of infection did not differ significantly between Rafin Guza (15.4%) and Hayin Dan Bushiya (13.3%). Results from this study is an indication that there is an urgent need for tailored control programmes, including routine screening, preventive chemotherapy, improved WASH interventions and age-appropriate health education, specifically targeting early school-aged Al-majiri children to achieve global elimination targets.
Age group; Al-majiri pupils; Intestinal schistosomiasis; Kaduna metropolis; Schistosoma mansoni
Copyright (c) 2026 Maryam Abdullahi, Karderam Bukar Dikwa, Ali Ahmed Haroun, Ebenezer Tolulope Obimakinde
In Vitro Nematocidal Effect of Leaf and Seed Extracts of Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) against Meloidogyne incognita
This study assessed the in vitro nematocidal effectiveness of Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) leaf and seed extracts against Meloidogyne incognita, a major root-knot nematode infesting tomato crops in Katsina State, Nigeria. Meloidogyne incognita was isolated from infected tomato roots and identified through morphological and perineal pattern analysis. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, sterols, tannins, and terpenoids. In vitro bioassays showed that extracts, especially the combined leaf and seed extract (JWLSE), achieved significantly higher nematode mortality than controls, with a mean mortality of 10.40 (±8.45) at 24 hours. ANOVA results indicated that plant part, concentration, exposure time, and their interactions significantly affected nematode mortality (p < 0.001), explaining 99.6% of the variability (R² = 0.996). Mortality increased progressively with time, underscoring the time-dependent efficacy of the extracts. The findings support the potential of D. stramonium as a natural, environmentally friendly nematicide. It is recommended that further research focus on field trials to optimize application rates and formulations, promoting sustainable nematode management in tomato production.
Datura stramonium; In vitro; M. incognita; Phytochemical; Tomato
Copyright (c) 2026 R. Agyo-Likita, A. A. Bem, D. D. Musa
A Minireview of Seismicity in North Central Nigeria and Implications for Seismic Hazard Assessment
Recent low-to-intermediate magnitude earthquakes in North Central Nigeria, particularly around Kwoi in Southern Kaduna and Abuja region, have challenged the historical perception of the country as a seismically stable region. This minireview synthesizes current knowledge on this emerging seismic activity, its tectonic controls, and its implications for hazard assessment. The seismicity is fundamentally linked to NE-SW and NW-SW trending fault systems, such as extensions of the North Atlantic Romanche fault, which facilitate stress release within the region's complex basement terrain. The establishment of national seismic networks has enabled better characterization of these events. Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) indicates Nigeria faces a non-negligible risk, with estimates suggesting potential for magnitudes up to 7.1. Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) values show significant spatial variation, with major urban centers like Lagos facing higher hazards. The review underscores critical gaps, including the lack of region-specific Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs) and the need for detailed fault characterization. It concludes that comprehensive seismic hazard assessment, integrating geophysical data with seismic monitoring, is imperative for infrastructure resilience, building code development, and disaster preparedness in this newly recognized seismic zone.
GMPEs; Hazard; Kwoi; PGA; PSHA; Resilience; Seismicity
Copyright (c) 2025 Abubakar A. Hamza, U. Ubaidullah, Aminu U. Idris
Geophysical Investigation of Groundwater Contamination in North-Central Nigeria: A Comprehensive Review
Groundwater serves as a critical freshwater resource for North Central Nigeria, yet contamination from agricultural activities, waste dumpsites, industrial effluents, and mining operations poses significant threats to water quality and public health. Geophysical methods, particularly electrical resistivity techniques, were discovered to have emerged as essential non-invasive tools for delineating contamination plumes, assessing aquifer vulnerability, and mapping subsurface hydro stratigraphy. This review synthesizes current knowledge on geophysical investigation approaches, methodological applications, contamination sources, and findings specific to North Central Nigeria, while highlighting research gaps and recommendations for sustainable groundwater management in the region.
Geophysical; Groundwater; North Central Nigeria; Research gaps; Safe Water
Copyright (c) 2026 Abubakar A. Hamza, Aminu U. Idris, A. Ubaidullah
Effect of Deforestation on Honey Production in Babban Buli and Gilliri Area of Bauchi Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria
Beekeeping is among the most widely practiced agricultural activities worldwide and plays an important role in rural livelihoods and environmental sustainability. However, deforestation has become a major global environmental challenge, contributing to climate change, biodiversity loss, and ecosystem instability. These changes adversely affect bee habitats, leading to reduced brood development and honey production, and in severe cases, complete colony collapse. Human activities such as deforestation, overgrazing, agricultural expansion, and industrialization are among the major threats to bee populations and their habitats. This study investigated the effects of deforestation on beekeeping activities in Babban Buli and Gilliri areas of Bauchi State. Data were obtained through responses from local beekeepers in the two study areas. Findings revealed that the effects of deforestation were more pronounced in Babban Buli than in Gilliri. Out of 88 respondents from Babban Buli, 68.18% reported a reduction in honey yield associated with deforestation, whereas 60% of the 50 respondents from Gilliri reported similar experiences. Average yield per Hive (Kg) per harvest of 15 kg recorded the highest percentage of 40% in site B than site A 31.81818% while 30 kg recorded the lowest percentage of 19.31818% in site A than site-B 10%. Major effects identified by respondents included colony collapse, beehive loss, and reduced honey yield, with reduced honey production being the most frequently reported impact in both locations. The study therefore demonstrates that deforestation has significant negative effects on beekeeping activities in Babban Buli and Gilliri, particularly through its impact on bee colonies and honey production.
Keywords: Beekeeping; deforestation; Babban Buli; Gilliri; honey production
Copyright (c) 2026 Gayaunan Danailu, Suwaiba Hussaini, Gloria N. Joseph, Joshua I. Affiku
Genetic Polymorphisms of Toll-like Receptor 2 (rs7656411) among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Selected Healthcare Facilities in Abeokuta, Ogun State
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is a key pattern recognition receptor in the innate immune system that detects components of Mycobacterium species and initiates immune responses against infection. Dysfunction of TLR2 can impair this recognition, potentially increasing disease susceptibility. This study investigated whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TLR2 gene, specifically rs7656411, are associated with susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (pTB). The research used a case-control design conducted between November 2024 and January 2025. It included 83 patients diagnosed with pTB and 47 healthy controls. Diagnosis of pTB was confirmed using blood and sputum samples through microscopic examination and molecular testing with GeneXpert. DNA was extracted from blood samples, and the TLR2 rs7656411 SNP was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP). The study population was predominantly male, making up 60% of participants, with females accounting for 40%. The largest age group was 31-40 years, representing 40% of the sample. Demographically, 68.5% identified as Christian, 60.8% were married, and 40% worked as traders. Educational attainment was relatively high, with 66.9% having a tertiary education. Ethnically, 71% were Yoruba. By comparing the distribution of TLR2 rs7656411 SNPs between pTB patients and healthy controls, the study aimed to determine if this genetic variation impairs TLR2 function and contributes to increased risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis. The findings clarify the role of host genetic factors in TB susceptibility and inform future research on targeted prevention or treatment strategies for high-risk individuals.
Single nucleotide polymorphism; Southwestern Nigeria; Susceptibility; Toll-like receptor 2; Tuberculosis
Copyright (c) 2026 Rodiah Opeyemi Abubakre, Toyosi Yekeen Raheem, Omonike Christianah Bakare, Bukola Ayodeji Bamikefa, Roland Ibenipere Funwei , Rasheed Adedapo Bakare
Assessment of Mosquito Prevalence and Development of Integrated Control Strategies in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria
Mosquito-borne diseases remain a major public health challenge in urban Nigeria, particularly in rapidly expanding cities with poor environmental sanitation and inadequate drainage infrastructure. This study assessed mosquito prevalence and developed integrated control strategies in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria. The study period spans from December 2025 to April 2026. Preliminary findings indicate marked variations in mosquito abundance across planned and unplanned settlements within the metropolis. Unplanned settlements recorded substantially higher mosquito densities due to poor waste disposal practices, blocked drainage channels, stagnant water accumulation and overcrowded housing conditions. Three major mosquito genera were identified, namely Culex, Anopheles and Aedes, with Culex quinquefasciatus constituting the dominant species. Major breeding habitats included blocked drains, discarded tyres, construction pits and domestic water storage containers. Mosquito abundance showed clear seasonal variation, increasing during periods of rainfall and declining during the dry season. Community assessment revealed moderate awareness of malaria transmission but poor knowledge of other mosquito-borne diseases and inadequate environmental management practices. A positive association was observed between mosquito abundance and reported malaria incidence in health facilities. The study highlights the importance of integrated vector management involving environmental sanitation, drainage improvement, larval source reduction, public health education and community participation. Strengthening surveillance systems and promoting sustainable urban sanitation policies are essential for reducing mosquito proliferation and disease transmission in Kaduna metropolis.
Culex quinquefasciatus; Integrated vector management; Malaria; Mosquito prevalence; Urban ecology
Copyright (c) 2026 Michael Ogar Agi, Collins Inegbenosun, Constance O. Inegbenosun, Fatelyn Okakah
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Babesiosis in Cattle and Sheep in Katsina Central Abattoir, Katsina State, Nigeria
Babesiosis is a tick-borne haemoparasitic disease of considerable economic importance in tropical livestock systems. However, there is limited recent epidemiological information on its prevalence and associated risk factors among slaughtered animals in Katsina State, Nigeria. This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of babesiosis and assess associated risk factors in cattle and sheep slaughtered at Katsina Central Abattoir. A total of 300 animals, comprising 150 cattle and 150 sheep, were sampled. Paired blood samples were collected from the jugular vein during slaughtering into EDTA bottles and examined using standard parasitological techniques. Data on host factors such as sex, age, and breed were analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression. The overall prevalence of babesiosis was 7.0% (21/300). In cattle, females had a slightly higher prevalence (8.30%) than males (7.14%), while in sheep, females (6.19%) were more infected than males (5.40%); however, these differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Breed-related variation was observed, with White Fulani cattle showing higher infection compared to Red Bororo and Yankasa sheep having a higher prevalence than Balami sheep, although this association was marginal (p = 0.05). Age-specific prevalence varied across groups, but no statistically significant association was found between age and infection in both cattle and sheep (p > 0.05). The disease showed moderate prevalence among slaughtered cattle and sheep in Katsina, although the assessed risk factors were not statistically significant. Improved tick control, especially against Rhipicephalus species, is recommended to reduce disease burden.
Babesiosis; Cattle; Katsina; Microscopic examination; PCV; Sheep
Copyright (c) 2026 Hassan Dalhat, J. B. Orpin, Adamu Isa, M. Kabir, Aminu Abubakar, Yusuf Ado
Evaluation of Phytochemical Composition, Heavy Metal Profile, and Mosquitocidal Activity of Amanita virosa Lam Ethanolic Extract against Mosquito Vectors
This study evaluated the phytochemical composition, heavy metal profile, and mosquitocidal (ovicidal, larvicidal, and adulticidal) activities of Amanita virosa ethanolic extract against Anopheles, Culex,and Aedes aegypti. A. virosa fruiting bodies were collected, authenticated, and subjected to cold ethanol extraction. Phytochemical analysis confirmed presence of high total alkaloid content (150.17 ± 1.53 mg/g). GC-MS identified major compounds including fatty acid esters (linoleic acid ethyl ester, 19.78%; hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester, 8.79%), 9,12-octadecadienoyl chloride (17.13%), and β-hexachlorocyclohexane (1.36%). AAS revealed significant heavy metal accumulation, with Cadmium (0.87 mg/kg), Chromium (5.58 mg/kg), and Arsenic (4.29 mg/kg) exceeding FAO/WHO permissible limits. The extract demonstrated moderate ovicidal activity when analysed using probit analyses, with HI₅₀ values ranging from 89.57 ppm (Culex) to 96.44 ppm (Anopheles). Larvicidal activity was weak (LC₅₀ > 90 ppm; maximum mortality 7% at 40 ppm). Adult knockdown was slow (KDT₅₀: 186.3–252.9 minutes), with 24h post-exposure mortality reaching only 12% against Anopheles.
Adulticide; Alkaloids; Amanita virosa; GC-MS; Heavy metals; Larvicide; Mosquito control; Ovicide
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdullahi Mohammed Garkuwa, Aliyu M. Umar, James B. Orpin
Impact of Canopy Suppression on the Eco-Taxonomic Structure of Weed Communities Associated with Gliricidia sepium in a University Campus in Benin City, Nigeria
This study focuses on the use of Gliricidia sepium, where its canopy can suppress growth of weeds by preventing sun light. It seeks to understand how this affects weed diversity and composition for sustainability. The research aimed to investigate the impact of G. sepium on weed diversity in the built-up campus environment. Conservation sites and fields were surveyed, including the Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology Botanical Garden, Bursary field, and Life Science Complex field. The study compared weed species in shaded (undisturbed) and unshaded (disturbed) environments under G. sepium canopy, and in open environments around the institution. Results showed that Gliricidia sepium morphometrics varied significantly by light environment. Trees in open areas achieved a higher average height of 8.5m compared to 7.62m for shaded trees. Conversely, shaded individuals demonstrated superior development in other metrics: a mean bole volume of 0.132m3 (versus 0.093m3) and a substantially larger canopy area of 50.72m2 (versus 36.83m2). This lateral expansion suggests adaptation for light capture. In distal zones 10m away, the ecosystem shifts toward sun-adapted species like Paspalum dilatatum (147 individuals) and Asystasia gangentica, confirming that the absence of canopy suppression allows light-demanding taxa to thrive. The results provide insights into the ecological dynamics of urban ecosystems and the role of introduced tree species in shaping plant community structure. The findings contribute to sustainable campus management practices, urban planning, and biodiversity conservation in tropical regions, offering valuable implications for ecologists, urban planners, and environmental managers seeking to optimize ecological benefits of urban green spaces.
Allelopathy; Biodiversity conservation; Ecotaxonomy; Gliricidia sepium; Urban ecosystems; Weed diversity
Copyright (c) 2026 Gloria O. Omoregie, Amina A. Amedu, Esther Otoibhi, Godson A. Onophuri, Osazee E. Ohanmu, Emma Ossola, Beckley Ikhajiagbe
Evaluation of Albendazole and Ivermectin Against Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis among Primary School Children in Jalingo Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria
This study assessed soil-transmitted helminthiasis in relation to the socio-demographic, sanitation, and hygiene of primary school pupils in Jalingo LGA, Taraba State, Nigeria. A total of 395 stool samples were collected from the subjects. Stool samples were analyzed using the Kato-Katz technique. Chi-square (χ²) test was used to determine the association between the infection and the variables at p≤0.05. The infection was 19.7% (78). Knowledge on transmission pattern was significant with 19.4% (61) (χ2=9.44; p=0.03). Children who knew about helminths significantly were 21.5% (44) (χ2= 10.43; p=0.05). Those who were taught to wash hands, and used toilets in schools were 21.8% (68) (χ2= 10.50; p=0.05). Children who walked barefoot were 22.0% (34) (χ2= 9.28; p=0.02). Children pre-treated with Albendazole were 19.0%, and were at 2.0% at post-treatment, with a cure rate of 89.5%. With Ivermectin, the pre-treatment infection rate was 20.8%, and the post-treatment rate was 2.0%, with a cure rate of 90.2%. The mean egg count reduced from 5.94 eggs per gram (EPG) before treatment to 1.09 EPG after treatment with albendazole. It had an egg reduction rate (ERR) of 81.7%. Ivermectin reduced the mean egg count from 5.85 EPG at pre-treatment to 0.73 EPG at post-treatment, with an ERR of 87.0%. Soil-transmitted helminthiasis remains among pupils in Jalingo Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria. Albendazole had a good cure rate, as did Ivermectin, with better egg reduction rates. There is a necessity to use Ivermectin in control efforts against soil-transmitted helminthiasis in endemic areas.
Albendazole; Ivermectin; Jalingo; Primary School; Soil-transmitted helminthiasis; Taraba State
Copyright (c) 2026 S. B. Aigbogun , B. E. Wama, O. J. Agbo, B. T. Targema , R. S. Houmsou
Asymptomatic Malaria among Adolescents Attending Secondary Schools in Ardo-Kola and Jalingo Local Government Areas (LGAs), Taraba State, Nigeria
Malaria is one of the most important public health challenges in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to assess asymptomatic malaria in relation to the sociodemographic as well as the risk factors exposing the adolescents attending secondary schools in Ardo-Kola and Jalingo Local Government Areas, Taraba State, to malaria infection. A total of two hundred and eighty-six (286) samples were collected from adolescents attending secondary schools within the selected LGAs. Four schools were selected and equal samples were collected from each school to obtain the required sample size. All the samples were screened for malaria parasitaemia using microscopy and molecular techniques. The findings of this study revealed a prevalence of 13.9% (40/286) among the adolescents. In relation to age, infection was significantly higher, 22.7% (15/66), among those between 12-16 years old (χ² = 15.879, p = 0.053). Keeping of opened containers of water around the house significantly exposed the adolescents to malaria infection in Ardo-Kola and Jalingo Local Government Areas of Taraba state, Nigeria, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 5.09 (95% CI: 1.20-7.98, p=0.015). The findings indicate that despite ongoing malaria control efforts, silent transmission persists within the understudied age group, contributing to continuous malaria transmission in the urban and rural communities.
Adolescents; Ardo-Kola; Asymptomatic; Jalingo; Malaria; Secondary schools
Copyright (c) 2026 E. J. Nancy, B. E. Wamma, V. Y. Akwa, O. J. Agbo, B. T. Targema , R. S. Houmsou
Histopathological Alterations in Clarias gariepinus from Biu Dam, Borno State, Nigeria as Indicators of Aquatic Pollution
This study assessed heavy metal concentrations and associated histopathological alterations in Clarias gariepinus (African catfish) from Biu Dam, Borno State, Nigeria. Water and fish tissue samples were collected monthly from three sites (Main Dam Area, Dam Slope Area, and Gwalam Area) over six months (March–August 2024). Heavy metal concentrations (Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Lead) in water and fish tissues (gill, liver, kidney, heart) were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, while histopathological examination was conducted using standard light microscopy with Haematoxylin and Eosin staining. Results revealed alarmingly high metal concentrations in water, with Arsenic (0.31±0.02 mg/L) and Lead (0.13±0.02 mg/L) exceeding WHO/FAO permissible limits by 31-fold and 130-fold, respectively. Correspondingly, catfish tissues showed significant bioaccumulation, with the liver accumulating the highest Arsenic concentration (0.045±0.005 mg/kg) and the heart showing elevated Cadmium (0.038±0.005 mg/kg) and Lead (0.028±0.004 mg/kg). Histopathological examination revealed severe tissue alterations, including gill filament necrosis, extensive hepatocyte necrosis with vascular congestion, renal tubular necrosis, and cardiac inflammation. Seasonal analysis showed significantly higher Arsenic (p=0.024) during the wet season and higher Copper (p=0.014) during dry season. The study concludes that C. gariepinus from Biu Dam is exposed to hazardous levels of heavy metals, resulting in severe histopathological damage across vital organs, posing significant ecological and public health risks to dependent communities.
Bioaccumulation; Biu Dam; Clarias gariepinus; Heavy metals; Histopathology; Nigeria
Copyright (c) 2026 Dauda Haruna, Ijanu Emmanuel Madu, Joshua Babalola Balogun, Ibrahim Danazumi Abdul, Rabi’at Umar Babayaro, Isah Bashir Ibrahim
Effect of Ketogenic Diet on Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) Kindled Rats with Medial Prefrontal Cortex Damage: Behavioral, Morphological and In Silico Analysis
Ketogenic diet (KD) has gained attention as an adjunct therapy for refractory epilepsy due to its anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects. This study investigated the neuroprotective potential of different KD formulations in a pentylenetetrazol kindling (PTZK (35 mg/kg) every other day for 20 days. To promote kindling, PTZ was increased by 5 mg/kg in subsequent intraperitoneal administrations after the fourth injection. Rats were fed various diets 10 days before Kindling and during the Kindling. Thirty (30) young adult female Wistar rats were divided into six groups (n=5 per group). Group 1, Control (normal feed); Group 2, PTZK (35 mg/kg); Group 3, PTZK + levetiracetam (10 mg/kg); Group 4, PTZK + palm-kernel oil-KD; Group 5, PTZK + castor oil-KD; and Group 6, PTZK + olive-KD. Seizure severity was assessed using Racine’s scoring, cognitive function was evaluated using the novel object-recognition test. Number of neurons in the supralimbic medial prefrontal cortex (smPFC) layer 2/3 was estimated using unbiased stereological methods, including histology and physical dissector technique. DNA-methylation was assessed using Feulgen reaction and molecular docking analysis evaluated the binding-affinities of ketone-bodies and levetiracetam. Results demonstrate that Ketone-bodies' strong bond to HCR2 and NMDA receptor may protect against neurodegeneration as KD-treated groups showed reduced seizure severity, delayed seizure onset, and improved behavioral outcomes compared to the PTZK group. Number of neurons and DNA integrity were preserved in KD groups, almost similar to control group, compared to marked neurodegeneration in smPFC layer 2/3 of PTZK group. KDs provide neuroprotection against PTZK-neurodegeneration in smPFC layer 2/3.
DNA methylation; Epilepsy; Ketogenic diets; mPFC; PTZ-kindling; Stereology
Copyright (c) 2026 Jibrin Danladi, Y. A. SUleiman, A. S. Jahun, B. B. Dzekashu , N. Umar, A. A. Lawal
Assessment of Compost Stabilization during Short-Term Composting of Fruits and Vegetable Wastes under North-Eastern Nigeria Conditions
This study evaluated compost stabilization during short-term composting of fruit and vegetable wastes (FVW) under tropical conditions in North-East Nigeria. Temperature profiles followed a typical pattern, peaking at 52°C during the thermophilic phase (days 5–6) to ensure pathogen suppression, before stabilizing near ambient levels by day 31. Statistical analysis showed significant fluctuations (p < 0.05) in pH, while electrical conductivity (EC) at maturity (4.39 dS m⁻¹) remained within acceptable limits for soil application. Organic carbon and organic matter declined significantly (p < 0.05) from 18.03% and 31.10% to 9.83% and 16.93%, respectively, driven by microbial respiration. Nitrogen transformation shifted from initial ammonification (NH₄⁺–N: 38.03 mg kg⁻¹) to progressive nitrification, with NO₃⁻–N increasing from 74.03 mg kg⁻¹ to 142.43 mg kg⁻¹. This resulted in a low NH₄⁺/NO₃⁻ ratio, confirming maturity. Additionally, available phosphorus doubled, and exchangeable bases increased, resulting in a final effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) of 17.47 cmol⁺ kg⁻¹ and 98.47% base saturation. The results demonstrate that short-term composting effectively transforms raw FVW into a stable, nutrient-enriched organic amendment. With enhanced nutrient availability, high CEC, and proven sanitization, the final product is highly suitable for improving soil fertility and microbial activity in tropical agricultural systems where organic matter is a limiting factor.
Compost stabilization; Fruits and vegetable waste; Nitrogen transformation; North-Eastern Nigeria; Organic waste composting; Soil amendment; Waste management
Copyright (c) 2026 Aishatu Mala Musa, James Hamuel Doughari, Aishatu Haruna, Abubakar Musa Modibbo
Ketogenic Diet Mitigates Hippocampal CA3 Degeneration in Male Wistar Rats with PTZ-Induced Kindling Seizures
The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, low-carb diet used to treat neurological illnesses, inborn metabolic abnormalities, and pharmaco-refractory epilepsy. The pathophysiology of KD is unknown. The PTZ-kindling (PTZK) 35 mg/kg every other day model was utilised to study KDs' effects on epilepsy. Thirty adult male Wistar rats were divided into six groups of five rats each. Group 1, control (standard feed); Group 2 PTZK; Group 3 PTZK + standard feed and levetiracetam (10 mg/kg); Group 4, PTZK + palm-kernel-oil-KD; Group 5, PTZK + castor-oil-KD; and Group 6, PTZK + olive-oil-KD. To promote kindling, the PTZ i.p. dose was increased progressively (5 mg/kg) after the fourth injection. Animals were fed their diets for 14 days after 21 days of Kindling induction. Ketone bodies' (KB) and levetiracetam's binding-affinity to free fatty acid receptor 2 and 3 (FFAR2 and FFAR3) were determined by molecular docking in silico. To assess memory, Y-maze was used. The Unbiased designed-based stereological approach assessed hippocampi CA3 neurons, and the Feulgen reaction examined DNA-fragmentation. The KB has a stronger binding-affinity to FFAR2 and FFAR3 than levetiracetam in silico analysis. The KD groups (4, 5, and 6) had a seizure score of 3 compared to the PTZK group (2)'s 4. KD (4) has reversed memory loss. The PTZK group (2) had fewer pyramidal layer CA3 neurons and higher DNA-breakage than the KD groups (4, 5, and 6). The study shows that KB binding to FRR2 and FFR3 may improve seizure resistance, short-term memory, and neurodegenerative safety.
DNA fragmentation; Epilepsy; Ketogenic diets; Kindling; PTZ
Copyright (c) 2026 Jibrin Danladi, B. U. Salifu, A. S. Jahun, H. Sule, B. B. Dzekashu, I. Abdullahi, A. A. Lawal, S. O. Ugochukwu, Y. A. Suleiman, S. F. Muhammad
Phytosociological, Soil Physicochemical, and Carbon Stock Assessment in Jibiro Grazing Reserve Girie Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria
This study assessed the phytosociological characteristics, soil physicochemical properties, and carbon stock of Jibiro Grazing Reserve. A systematic line transect design was used, consisting of two parallel transects (1500 m each) spaced 500 m apart. Along each transect, four 50 m × 50 m sample plots were established alternately at 100 m intervals, resulting in eight plots. All living trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥10 cm were identified and measured for DBH, basal diameter, and total height. Soil samples were collected from three points per plot at depths of 0–15, 16–30, 31–45, and 46–60 cm. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and Student’s t-test. A total of 12 tree species belonging to 7 families and 68 individuals were recorded, with a stand density of 34 trees ha⁻¹. Phyllanthaceae had the highest frequency, while Sapotaceae was least represented. Total basal area and tree volume were 0.22 m² ha⁻¹ and 1.63 m³ ha⁻¹, respectively. Diameter classes ranged from 0–50 cm, and height classes ranged from <11 m to 20 m. Estimated biomass, carbon stock, and CO₂ equivalents were 3.10 t ha⁻¹, 1.55 t ha⁻¹, and 5.68 kg, respectively. Soils were predominantly sandy loam to sandy clay loam, with high sand content (67.25%). Bulk density was lower than particle density, while porosity (39.10%) and water-holding capacity (13.00%) were low. The soil was slightly acidic (pH 7.14), with moderate organic matter and available phosphorus, and high base saturation (79.25%), indicating nutrient limitations affecting vegetation growth.
Biomass; Carbon stock; CO2; Phytosociological; Soil physicochemical
Copyright (c) 2026 M. R. Umar, V. A. J. Adekunle, M. B. Oyun
Evaluation of Fertility Status of Soils of Pella District, Hong Local Government Area Adamawa State, Nigeria, Using Parker’s Nutrient Index Method
The soil fertility status of the Pella District was assessed to determine some physical and chemical properties, where soil samples were taken from 11 units and subjected to standard laboratory procedures. Results showed that the soils were mostly sandy loam. Soil pH was slightly acidic to neutral, and electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon, available phosphorus and calcium consistently showed both low to medium values. Sodium (Na) showed medium to high values, Potassium (K) and molybdenum (Mo) had low, medium and high values. Total exchangeable bases (TEB) and Sulphur (S) showed medium values, while total exchangeable acidity (TEA) and Effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) were low. Nutrient Fertility index (NFI) of P, S and Mo indicates medium as per phosphorus (P) and molybdenum (Mo) with values of (1.9) and (1.9) respectively, while Sulphur (S) showed a low value of (1.0). The soil's fertility status of the study area was generally low with S as one of the limiting nutrients; therefore, site- specific soil management, including Sulphur fertilization, is recommended. Over-application of nitrogen, especially nitrate-based fertilizer, should be avoided.
Pella, Fertility Index, Phosphorus,Sulphur, Molybdenum
Copyright (c) 2026 Mohammed Musa Maunde, Saddiq Muhammad Abdullahi , Ibrahim Alhassan, A. M. Tahir, Ibrahim Abubakar, Nkereuwem E. Mike
Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Commercial Probiotics and Vitamin C on Growth Performance, Nutrient Utilization and Haematological Profile of Clarias gariepinus Fingerlings
This study evaluated the effects of dietary inclusion of commercial probiotics (Aqua Pro) and Vitamin C on growth performance, nutrient utilisation, and haematological profile of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. A total of 120 fingerlings were randomly distributed into four treatment groups (T0 – T3) with varying inclusion levels (0,1,2, and 3g/kg) of probiotics and Vitamin C over an 18-week feeding trial. Fish were fed a 45% crude protein diet, and growth indices, feed utilisation parameters and haematological variables were assessed. Results showed significant improvement (p 0.005) in final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio with increasing supplementation levels, with the best performance recorded in T3. Feed conversion ratio decreased significantly, indicating enhanced feed efficiency. Survival rate improved from 80% in the control to 93.3% in the highest inclusion group. Haematological parameters (RBC, WBC, PVC, and haemoglobin) were significantly enhanced in supplemental groups, reflecting improved physiological and immune status. Water quality parameters remained within acceptable limits and were not significantly affected by dietary treatments. The study concludes that combined dietary supplementation of probiotics and Vitamin C, particularly at 2 – 3g/kg, enhanced growth performance, nutrient utilisation, and health status of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings.
Aqua Pro; Clarias gariepinus; Growth performance; Nutrient utilization; Haematology; Probiotics; Vitamin C
Copyright (c) 2026 B. Abubakar, J. Umaru, s. Mustapha
β-Aminobutyric Acid (BABA) Priming Enhances Yield Formation, Grain Filling, and Quality of Water-Stressed Ofada Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Drought stress remains a major constraint to rice production, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where locally adapted varieties such as Ofada are highly susceptible to water deficits. This study investigated the potential of β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) as a priming agent to enhance drought tolerance, yield performance and grain quality in Ofada rice. Field experiment was setup in a split-plot complete randomized block design with drought imposed at vegetative, flowering and grain-filling stages under varying BABA treatments. Drought stress significantly reduced yield components, economic yield, and grain quality with the most pronounced effects observed at the flowering stage, confirming its critical sensitivity to water deficit. BABA application markedly improved percentage grain filling, panicle weight, grain weight per plant, and harvest index across stress conditions. These improvements were primarily driven by enhanced assimilate partitioning and sink strength rather than increase in total biomass. In addition, BABA treatment improved grain nutritional quality, as evidenced by increased carbohydrate, ash, and crude fat contents, indicating more efficient nutrient remobilization during grain development. The absence of consistent differences among BABA concentrations suggests the existence of a priming threshold, where low to moderate doses are sufficient to induce maximal physiological responses. Mechanistically, BABA-mediated improvements are associated with enhanced antioxidant capacity, modulation of abscisic acid-dependent signalling pathways, and optimized carbon and nitrogen metabolism. conclusively, the findings demonstrate that BABA-induced priming represents a viable, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable strategy for enhancing drought resilience, stabilizing yield, and improving grain quality in Ofada rice, with important implications for climate-resilient rice production systems.
Ofada rice, β-aminobutyric acid, yield components, grain quality and water deficit stress
Copyright (c) 2026 AbdulAziz Ayinla, Umar Bolaji Olayinka, Emmanuel O Etejere
Assessment of Morphometric and Meristic Characterization of Silver Catfish (Bagrus bayad) from Northeast Nigeria
Morpho-meristic analysis in fish provide crucial information on species differentiation, population structure and evolution. This research was carried out to study the morphological characteristics of Bagrus bayad, from three locations in the North-east Nigeria, using morphometric measurements and meristic counts. A total number of ninety (90) freshly caught samples of B. bayad were randomly selected and bought from commercial fishermen at the landing sites (Njoboliyo Reservoir, Lau Reservoir and Dadin Kowa Dam) between June and August, 2024. The results revealed that all the morphometric characters of B. bayad from the three locations varied, whereas some meristic counts including mean number of rays on pectoral fin (9.07±0.94, 8.83±, 9.07±0.94), anal fin ray (11.53±1.11, 11.08±0.77, 11.53±1.11), caudal fin ray (19.63±0.33, 19.77±0.30, 19.58±0.23) and pelvic fin ray 1 (6.00±0.00,6.00±0.00, 6.00±0.00) and pelvic ray count 2 (6.00±0.00, 6.00±0.00, 6.00±0.00) respectively were constant. The principal component analysis revealed LAU reservoir had the highest average body weight (789.54g) in comparison to the other locations. The study highlights significant morphological characters and principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed that weight and length are the primary distinguishing factors among population.
Bagrus bayad; Conservation; Fish Biology; Meristic; Morphometric; Reservoir
Copyright (c) 2026 Raymond Elisha Nyaku , Tahir Hassan Garba, Abubakar Sadiq Bello, Sadiya Muhammad Yahaya , Zaharadeen Mohammed, Usman Nuhu Haruna , Nuratu Mohammed
Evaluation of Synergistic Anti-plasmodial Activity of Tamarindus indica and Hibiscus sabdariffa Extracts Against Clinical Isolates of Plasmodium falciparum: In-Vitro and Ex-Vivo protocols
Malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum remains a major global health burden and serious health challenge, exacerbated by increasing resistance to conventional antimalarial drugs. This study evaluated the in vitro and ex vivo anti-plasmodial activity of Tamarindus indica (Tamarind) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (Zobo) extracts, individually and in combination, against clinical isolates of P. falciparum. Aqueous extracts were prepared and screened for phytochemical constituents, followed by dose-dependent schizont maturation assays and growth kinetic analyses. Results demonstrated that phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins, which likely contribute to the observed bioactivity. While T. indica exhibited potent anti-plasmodial activity with an IC50 of 3.8 ± 0.96 µg/mL, approaching that of quinine (2.5 ± 0.74 µg/mL), while H. sabdariffa showed moderate activity (IC50 = 13.5 ± 0.99 µg/mL). The combined extract improved efficacy relative to H. sabdariffa alone (IC50 = 5.2 ± 0.99 µg/mL), but combination index analysis (CI = 1.61) revealed an antagonistic interaction. Growth kinetic studies indicated that untreated parasites exhibited a typical exponential replication with a doubling time of 17.5 hours, whereas extract-treated cultures showed prolonged lag phases, suppressed exponential growth, and early transition to decline phases. Notably, H. sabdariffa alone demonstrated a paradoxical increase in parasite viability at higher concentrations, suggesting potential metabolic or protective effects on parasite survival. However, T. indica demonstrates strong antimalarial potential, while the combination with H. sabdariffa does not confer synergistic benefit. These findings highlight the importance of rigorous interaction studies in plant-based combination therapies for malaria.
Anti-plasmodial activity; Ex-vivo Assay; Hibiscus sabdariffa; In-Vitro; Plasmodium falciparum; Synergy; Tamarindus indica
Copyright (c) 2026 Baba Gabi, Maryam A. Yakassai, Fatima Abubakar
Preliminary Screening of Pyrene-Degrading Bacteria from the Semi-Anoxic Bovine Gut
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental contaminants whose remediation remains a global challenge in oxygen-limited and resource-constrained environments. While microbial degradation of PAHs has been studied in soils and aquatic systems, the gastrointestinal microbiota of ruminants remains largely unexplored as a potential reservoir of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria. This study evaluates the PAH-degrading potential of bacterial isolates from the semi-anoxic intestinal lining of cows inhabiting crude oil-impacted environments. Samples were aseptically collected from the intestinal gut lining of Bos tarus at the point of slaughter and cultured with a Pyrene-supplemented Bushnell Haas medium. A total of sixteen distinct bacterial isolates were obtained and characterized using morphological and biochemical techniques. Their capacity to metabolize pyrene, a model high-molecular-weight PAH, was assessed using a 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol (DCPIP) redox assay in combination with growth kinetics monitoring (OD₆₀₀nm). Approximately 70% of the isolates demonstrated DCPIP reduction, indicating active redox metabolism associated with hydrocarbon utilization. Notably, Citrobacter freundii and Pseudomonas alcaligenes exhibited pronounced and sustained DCPIP reduction alongside measurable shifts in growth dynamics, suggesting enhanced metabolic adaptation to pyrene. The applied methods provide preliminary evidence of PAH-associated metabolic activity; the observed diversity among isolates highlights the functional versatility of gut-associated microbiota under semi-anoxic conditions. These findings position the ruminant intestinal microbiome as an underutilized source of bacteria with potential relevance for bioremediation in oxygen-limited environments and present a low-cost screening framework suitable for resource-limited laboratories and provide a foundation for further investigations involving molecular identification, enzymatic pathway analysis, and analytical validation of hydrocarbon degradation.
PAH biodegradation; Pyrene; DCPIP assay; Ruminant microbiome; Semi-anoxic environment; Bioremediation
Copyright (c) 2026 Voke Owarieta Urhibo, Cyprian E. Oshoma
Prevalence of Haemozoin among Patients with Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Some Selected Hospitals in Bakori and Funtua, Katsina State, Nigeria
In malaria diagnosis and accurate assessment is critical to clinical management. Intraleukocytic malaria pigment characteristics were explored as it relates to severe falciparum malaria. This study evaluates the prevalence of haemozoin among patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria in some selected hospitals in Bakori and Funtua, Katsina state, Nigeria. Intraleukocytic malaria pigment (hemozoin) was detected on thin films by counting 500 leukocytes and determining the proportions of haemozoin-containing neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes. A total of 392 blood samples were stained and examined under the light microscope using a 100x objective lens. Immunochromatography tests based on the capture of the parasite antigen from the peripheral blood using monoclonal anti-HRP-II antibodies were used for detecting Plasmodium falciparum antigens, as well as the presence and quantity of the malaria pigment in leukocytes in smears. The findings of this study recorded the highest number of intraleukocytic malaria pigment within the age group 2-10years, with 40.8% prevalence rate collectively, and the prevalence of haemozoin related to sex, the females had a higher prevalence compared to males. This could be due to a combination of biological factors, social inequalities and challenges in accessing preventive care.
Hemozoin; Immunochromatography; Intraleukocytic; Leukocytes; Neutrophis
Copyright (c) 2026 A. M. Umar, M. Sani, E. J. Joshua
Microbial Safety and Physicochemical Integrity of Houseboat Water in a Petroleum-Impacted Creek System of the Niger Delta
Potable water is a deceptively fragile part of public health, especially around aquatic environments that have been contaminated but remain clear hiding chemical and microbial dangers. This study evaluated the physicochemical integrity and microbiological safety of potable water stored aboard houseboats operating within the Jones Creek petroleum corridor of the Niger Delta over a three-month sampling period. A cross-sectional design was adopted, and triplicate samples were collected from multiple operational locations, including Amalgamated Marine and Technical Services Limited (AMAT), Nigerian Exploration and Production Limited (NEPL), and a treated reference source (Well Workover Node). Physicochemical parameters were determined using standard methods, while microbial quality was evaluated using membrane filtration, biochemical identification, and phenotypic virulence screening. Results showed that measured parameters were within recommended limits; however, bacterial isolates with detectable virulence traits were present, indicating Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. Virulence screening demonstrated haemolytic activity in 40% of isolates and lipase expression in 60%, suggesting heterogeneous but tangible pathogenic potential. The contrast between chemical compliance and detectable virulence traits indicates that physicochemical conformity does not equate to microbiological security. These findings demonstrate that physicochemical compliance does not guarantee microbiological safety, highlighting the need for integrated water quality monitoring in petroleum-influenced aquatic systems.
Bacterial isolates; Houseboat water; Physicochemical quality; Virulence factors; Water safety
Copyright (c) 2026 A. O. Ogunkeyede, V. O. Urhibo, F. B. Okorhi-Damisa
Effects of Soil Organic Matter Fractions on Some Selected Physical and Chemical Properties of Forest Soils in Gashaka Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria
Soil organic matter fractions provide important insights into the mechanisms regulating soil carbon stabilization and nutrient dynamics in tropical ecosystems. This study investigated the distribution of soil organic carbon fractions and their relationships with selected soil physical and chemical properties in forest soils of Gashaka Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from twenty-five auger sampling points at two depths (0–20 cm and 20–50 cm) using a systematic sampling approach within a 100-hectare forestland. A total of fifty soil samples were analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), mineral-associated organic carbon (MOC), and selected soil physical & chemical properties using standard laboratory procedures. The results revealed clear vertical stratification of soil organic carbon fractions, with higher concentrations observed in the surface soil depth. Total organic carbon declined from 1.62% in the 0–20 cm depth to 1.21% in the 20–50 cm depth, while particulate organic carbon decreased from 0.46% to 0.38% with increasing soil depth. Mineral-associated organic carbon constituted the dominant carbon pool, accounting for approximately 71–73% of total organic carbon. The reduction in soil organic carbon fractions with depth corresponded with increases in bulk density and reductions in soil porosity, water holding capacity, and nutrient status. Surface soils with higher organic carbon concentrations also recorded greater total nitrogen and cation exchange capacity. The findings highlight the importance of vegetation-derived organic inputs and organo-mineral interactions in regulating carbon stabilization and sustaining soil productivity in tropical savanna ecosystems.
Carbon stabilization; Gashaka Nigeria; Mineral-associated organic carbon; Particulate organic carbon; Soil organic carbon fractions; Soil physicochemical properties; Tropical savanna soils
Copyright (c) 2025 S. A. Musa, M. A., R. I. Solomon, A. M. Saddiq
Effect of Aqueous Extract of Tapinanthus brunneus leaves on diet-induced Hypercholesterolemia in Rats
Abstract Background: Hypercholesterolemia is a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases and is closely associated with oxidative stress. Plant-derived bioactive compounds have shown promise in modulating lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense systems. Objective: This study evaluated the hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of aqueous leaf extract of Tapinanthus brunneus in hypercholesterolemic rats. Methods: Twenty albino rats were divided into four groups (n = 5): a normal control (standard diet), a high-fat diet (HFD) control, and two treatment groups administered T. brunneus extract (5 and 10 mg/kg body weight) orally for 28 days. Serum lipid parameters and hepatic antioxidant enzymes—superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)—were assessed. Results: Treatment with T. brunneus significantly (p < 0.05) reduced serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides, while elevating HDL-cholesterol compared with HFD controls. Additionally, extract administration significantly enhanced hepatic SOD and CAT activities, indicating improved antioxidant status. Conclusion: Aqueous leaf extract of Tapinanthus brunneus exhibits significant hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities, suggesting its potential as a complementary therapeutic agent in the management of hypercholesterolemia and associated cardiovascular disorders.
Tapinanthus brunneus; hypercholesterolemia; lipid profile; antioxidant enzymes; SOD; catalase; cardiovascular disease
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdul-Azeez Balogun, Kazeem O Adisa, Amina Pama, Abdulquadri F. Olutoye, Al-Ameen Arole
Isolation and Identification of Dermatophytes Associated with Barbing Instruments in Ungogo Local Government Area, Kano State
Dermatophytosis is a common superficial infection that affects people irrespective of regional differences all over the world. The aim of this research was to isolate and identify dermatophytes associated with barbing instruments in Ungogo Local Government Area of Kano State. In the methodology, swabs and scrapings associated with barbing saloons were collected as samples. Direct microscopy was done using 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) and the samples were also cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) for the isolation of the associated dermatophyte species. The result revealed an overall occurance of 53(13.8%) positivity rate with four different dermatophytic species (with Trichophyton rumbrum (41.5%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (24.5%), Microsporum canis (17.0%), and Microsporum tonsurans (17.0) identified. The result also indicated that hair combs (66.0%) were more contaminated with damertophytes than clippers which had (34.0%). Contamination of instrument per species showed that T. rubrum had more occurrence on hair comb (63.7%) than clippers (36.4%); T. mentagrophyte also occurred more on hair comb (67%) than on clippers (33.3%). Similarly with T. tonsurans and M. canis were more isolated from hair comb than clippers. Dermatophytosis can easily be spread between individuals in barbing saloons, via the barbing instruments; Trichophytons and Microsporum species are of particular concern in the study area.
Barbing instruments; Dermatophytosis; Dermatophytes; Isolation and identification; Public Health