Sahel Journal of Life Sciences FUDMA
type: channel
description: Sahel Journal of Life Sciences FUDMA (SAJOLS) is an Open Access Journal hosted by the Faculty of Life Sciences, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Nigeria. Currently, it publishes peer-reviewed open access journals online and in print, covering a diverse range of academic disciplines within (but not limited to) Life Sciences and allied fields. By offering its publications in Open Access, SAJOLS seeks to provide for the global academic community and facilitates the advancement and application of science.
publisher: Faculty of Life Sciences, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria
language: en
publication name: Sahel Journal of Life Sciences FUDMA
issn: 3027-0456
items: Effects of Microplastic Pollution on Microalgal Diversity and Community Structure in River Ginzo, Katsina State, Northwestern Nigeria
items: Sustainable Nutrient Recovery from Human Urine: a Soil–Plant–Microbe Interaction Study for Enhanced Agricultural Productivity of Talinum fruticosum L (Juss.)
items: Comparative Assessment of Bacterial Contamination and Associated Food Safety Risks among Local and Modern Restaurants in Selected Local Government Areas of Kaduna State, Nigeria
items: Assessment of Parasitic Contamination and Associated Hygienic Practices in Local and Modern Restaurants across Selected Local Government Areas of Kaduna State, Nigeria
items: Prevalence and Morphometric Characterization of Fasciolosis in Cattle Slaughtered at Zaria Abattoir, Kaduna State, Nigeria
items: Antibiogram of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Fresh Vegetables sold in Jos Metropolis Nigeria
items: Detection of Shiga toxins from Escherichia coli O157:H7 amongst Coliform Bacteria Isolated from Poultry Meats sold in some parts of Gombe Metropolis
items: Potential Neuroprotective Role of L-Citrulline in Parkinson’s Disease: Mechanisms, Experimental Evidence and Future Perspectives
items: Prevalence and Risk Factors of Urinary Schistosomiasis among Patients Attending Two Healthcare Facilities in Kaduna State, Nigeria
items: Comparative Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Screening of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Linn.) and Allium sativum (Linn.) Crude Extracts
items: Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Rural Slaughterhouse Workers towards Caprine and Zoonotic Tuberculosis in Gombe State, Nigeria
items: Evaluation of Genetic Structure and Connectivity among Populations of Macrozoobenthic Snail (Mutela rubens) from Freshwater Ecosystems in Kano State, Nigeria
items: An Evaluation of Shelf Life of Fermented Soybean (Soy “Daddawa”) Under Different Storage Conditions
items: Sociodemographic and Risk Factors Associated with Human Papillomavirus Infection among Sperm-Impaired Male Patients Attending Reproductive Clinic at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria
items: Survey on Gastrointestinal Parasites of Cattle in Two Local Government Areas in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
items: Adherence with Hypertension Prevention Measures among Hypertensive Patients Attending Clinics in Umaru Shehu Ultra-Modern Hospital, Maiduguri
items: Zooplankton Community Structure in Akassa Creek, Delta State, Nigeria
items: Comparative Proximate Composition of Six Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Accession Cultivated in Katsina State, Nigeria
items: Health Effects of Chronic Pesticide Exposure: A Narrative Review of Neurological, Carcinogenic, Reproductive, Metabolic, and Systemic Implications
items: Review on Current Strategies of Malaria Control in Kaduna State, Nigeria
items: Molecular Detection of magA Gene and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Uropathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Patients Attending Federal Teaching Hospital Katsina, Nigeria
items: Molecular Identification and Distribution of Fungal Species Associated with Stored Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
items: Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Using Multi-Locus Sequence Typing and SCCmec Typing from Poultry and Poultry Farm Workers in Kano, Nigeria
items: Haematobiochemical Response of Red Sokoto Bucks Fed Different Processed Forms of Piliostigma reticulatum Pods
items: Mosquito Repellency and Toxicity Effects of Hyptis suaveolens (Leaves) Against Culex Mosquito
items: Effects of the Methanolic Leaf Extract of Abrus precatorius Linn on Body weight, Sperm Morphology and Viability in Wistar Rats
items: Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Horses Reared in Katsina Metropolis
items: Antibacterial Efficacy of Bioethanol Extracted from Sugarcane Juice and Corn Cob Against Escherichia coli
items: Mapping Groundwater Contamination Plumes Around an Urban Solid Waste Dumpsite Using Two-Dimensional Electrical Resistivity Tomography: A Case Study of Tukur-Tukur, Zaria, Nigeria
items: Prevalence, Species Composition, and Risk Factors of Ectoparasite Infestations in Small Ruminants in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

Effects of Microplastic Pollution on Microalgal Diversity and Community Structure in River Ginzo, Katsina State, Northwestern Nigeria
type: item
description: Microplastic pollution is an emerging threat to freshwater systems, yet its effects on microalgal communities in northern Nigeria remain poorly understood. This study investigated microplastic occurrence, seasonal distribution, characteristics, polymer composition, and association with microalgal diversity and community structure in River Ginzo, Katsina State, Nigeria. Water samples were collected from nine stations at Kofar Marusa, Kofar Sauri, and Kofar Durbi during dry (March–May) and wet (June–August) seasons in 2025. Microplastics were extracted using sieving, peroxide digestion, density separation, filtration, and microscopy, with polymers confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Physicochemical parameters, microalgal abundance, diversity, and chlorophyll-a were determined using standard methods. Microplastic abundance ranged from 12.6 to 31.8 particles L⁻¹ and was higher during the wet season, with Kofar Marusa as the contamination hotspot. Fibres predominated, followed by fragments and films, while polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyethylene terephthalate were dominant polymers. Wet-season increases in electrical conductivity, dissolved solids, turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand, oxygen demand, nitrate, and phosphate indicated enhanced runoff, organic loading, and contaminant transport. Twenty-five microalgal taxa from six divisions were identified, dominated by Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, and Cyanobacteria. Kofar Durbi recorded the highest microalgal abundance, chlorophyll-a, richness, diversity, and evenness, whereas Kofar Marusa showed reduced diversity and greater cyanobacterial and euglenophyte dominance. Principal Component Analysis showed seasonal environmental structuring, with the first two components explaining 92.0% of the variance. The concurrence of elevated microplastic abundance and reduced microalgal diversity at Kofar Marusa suggests ecological stress, although nutrient enrichment, organic pollution, turbidity, and anthrop…
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: River Ginzo; Microplastics; Microalgae; Physicochemical parameters; Biodiversity
  topic: keywords
creator: Usman Lawal Usman
creator: Mudassir Badamasi
creator: Asmau Ibrahim Safana
creator: Rashida Yerima
creator: Samila Adamu Usman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Usman Lawal Usman, Mudassir Badamasi, Asmau Ibrahim Safana, Rashida Yerima, Samila Adamu Usman
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 488
ending page: 510
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0402-52

Sustainable Nutrient Recovery from Human Urine: a Soil–Plant–Microbe Interaction Study for Enhanced Agricultural Productivity of Talinum fruticosum L (Juss.)
type: item
description: Sustainable nutrient recovery from human urine offers a desirable biotechnology approach for improving soil fertility, microbial activity, and crop productivity in low-input farming systems. This study evaluated the effects of 17-day stored human urine on soil–plant–microbe interactions and the reproductive performance of Talinum fruticosum. A completely randomized pot experiment was conducted using two urine application rates (360.10 mL and 620.10 mL) and an untreated control. Soil samples collected before urine application and after harvest were analyzed for bacterial and fungal populations, while reproductive parameters, including days to first flower bud initiation, number of buds, flowers, and fruits, were monitored for 30 days. The 360.10 mL treatment resulted in the earliest flower bud initiation (13 days) and produced the highest numbers of buds, flowers, and fruits, indicating optimal nutrient availability and microbial stimulation for reproductive development. Although the 620.10 mL treatment enhanced reproductive performance compared with the control, its reproductive output was lower than that of the 360.10 mL treatment, suggesting that excessive nutrient input may reduce reproductive efficiency. Microbial populations increased following urine application, with the highest bacterial and fungal counts recorded under the 620.10 mL treatment. Predominant bacterial genera included Bacillus, Flavobacterium, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas, while Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Rhizopus were the dominant fungal genera. The findings demonstrate that moderate application of stored human urine can enhance soil microbial activity, flowering, and fruit production, highlighting its potential as an affordable and environmentally sustainable biofertilizer for nutrient-efficient agricultural production.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nutrient recycling; Reproductive growth; Soil microorganisms; Stored human urine; Sustainable agriculture
  topic: keywords
creator: Uyoyou Agnes Akporobaro
creator: Odimegwu Agholor
creator: Rita Nneka Nwaka
creator: Evangeline Ogordinwa Chiedu
creator: Joy Anwuli Obiaigwe
creator: Stephen Happiness Buzugbe
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Uyoyou Agnes Akporobaro, Odimegwu Agholor, Rita Nneka Nwaka, Evangeline Ogordinwa Chiedu, Joy Anwuli Obiaigwe, Stephen Happiness Buzugbe
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 479
ending page: 487
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0402-51

Comparative Assessment of Bacterial Contamination and Associated Food Safety Risks among Local and Modern Restaurants in Selected Local Government Areas of Kaduna State, Nigeria
type: item
description: Food safety is a fundamental aspect of public health. This study assessed bacterial contamination associated with food handlers and food-contact environments in selected local and modern restaurants across Kaduna metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The study was conducted within four Local Government Areas (LGAs): Igabi, Chikun, Kaduna North, and Kaduna South. A total of 240 samples, comprising hand swabs, utensil swabs, and hand-washing water, were collected from selected restaurants using standard aseptic procedures. Microbiological analyses were carried out using standard culture, morphological, and biochemical identification techniques. The results revealed significantly higher bacterial contamination in local restaurants compared to modern restaurants across all sampled LGAs. Total Salmonella-Shigella count (TSSC), Total Escherichia coli Count (TECC), and Total Coliform count (TCC) in several local restaurant samples exceeded the WHO permissible limits, particularly in hand swabs and hand-washing water samples. The highest TSSC (2.515×10-1 CFU/ml) and TECC (3.364×10-1CFU/ml) were recorded in Kaduna North local restaurants, while the highest TCC (2.214×10-1 CFU/ml) was also observed within the same LGA. Most modern restaurant samples recorded either no detectable bacterial growth or values within acceptable WHO limits. Identified bacterial isolates included Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Listeria spp., and Clostridium spp., indicating poor hygiene practices and environmental contamination. The study concludes that local restaurants pose greater microbiological risks due to inadequate hygiene, poor sanitation, and potentially contaminated water. Potable water supply, sanitation, medical screening of food handlers, and stricter hygiene regulations are recommended to reduce foodborne disease risks.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bacterial contamination, Food handlers, Food-contact surfaces, Food safety, Restaurants, Kaduna State, Public health.
  topic: keywords
creator: Suzie Nathan
creator: Ishaya Auta Kato
creator: B. Balarabe-Musa
creator: Solomon Bitrus
creator: Japheth Ishaya Auta
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Suzie Nathan, Ishaya Auta Kato, B. Balarabe-Musa, Solomon Bitrus, Japheth Ishaya Auta
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 511
ending page: 520
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0402-53

Assessment of Parasitic Contamination and Associated Hygienic Practices in Local and Modern Restaurants across Selected Local Government Areas of Kaduna State, Nigeria
type: item
description: Bacterial contamination of food-handling environments remains an important public health concern. This study evaluated parasitic contamination associated with food handlers and food-contact environments in selected local and modern restaurants across Kaduna metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The study was conducted within four Local Government Areas (LGAs): Igabi, Chikun, Kaduna North, and Kaduna South. A total of 240 samples, comprising hand swabs, utensil swabs, and hand-washing water, were collected from selected restaurants using standard aseptic procedures. Parasitological investigations were performed using standard microscopic examination techniques to detect and identify intestinal parasites. The findings revealed a substantially higher prevalence and diversity of intestinal parasites in local restaurants than in modern restaurants. Cryptosporidium spp. recorded the highest prevalence with 18 (60%) occurrences in local restaurants within Igabi LGA, followed by 15 (50%) occurrences in Kaduna North and 12 (40%) occurrences in Kaduna South. Giardia lamblia occurred in 14 (46.6%) samples from Igabi and 12 (40%) samples from Kaduna North local restaurants, while Entamoeba spp. were detected in 11 (36.6%) and 10 (33.3%) samples from Igabi and Kaduna North, respectively. Helminthic parasites including Ascaris spp. (8; 26.6%), Ancylostoma spp. (4; 13.3%), Fasciola hepatica (3; 10%), and Echinococcus granulosus (2; 6.6%) were detected at lower frequencies, predominantly in local restaurants. Overall, Igabi LGA recorded the highest parasitic burden, whereas Chikun LGA had the lowest prevalence. Inadequate hygiene, poor environmental sanitation, and contaminated water sources contributed significantly to parasitic contamination in the local restaurants. Improved hygiene and sanitation practices are recommended to reduce parasite transmission.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Intestinal parasites, Food handlers, Restaurant hygiene, Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia lamblia, Food safety, Kaduna State, Public health.
  topic: keywords
creator: Suzie Nathan
creator: Ishaya Auta Kato
creator: B. Balarabe-Musa
creator: Solomon Bitrus
creator: Japheth Ishaya Auta
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Suzie Nathan, Ishaya Auta Kato, B. Balarabe-Musa, Solomon Bitrus, Japheth Ishaya Auta
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 521
ending page: 529
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0402-54

Prevalence and Morphometric Characterization of Fasciolosis in Cattle Slaughtered at Zaria Abattoir, Kaduna State, Nigeria
type: item
description: Fasciolosis is an important food-borne zoonotic helminth disease caused by liver flukes of the genus Fasciola. The disease affects the liver and bile ducts of ruminants, resulting in substantial economic losses through reduced productivity and condemnation of infected livers at slaughter. This study determined the prevalence of fasciolosis among different breeds of cattle slaughtered at Zangon Shanu Abattoir, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria, and characterized the recovered flukes using morphological and morphometric techniques. Bile samples were examined for Fasciola eggs using the formalin–ether sedimentation technique. An overall prevalence of 50.5% (101/200) was recorded. Infection was more frequent among female (54.81%; 57/104) than in male cattle (45.83%; 44/96). Breed-specific prevalence was 56.52% (13/23) in Sokoto Gudali, 50.34% (75/149) in White Fulani (Bunaji), 46.67% (7/15) in Red Bororo, and 46.15% (6/13) in Crosses. Age-related prevalence increased from 6.82% (3/44) in cattle aged 1.0–1.5 years to 52.17% (36/69), 66.67% (40/60), and 81.48% (22/27) in the 2.0–2.5, 3.0–3.5, and 4.0–5.0 years age groups, respectively. Morphometric analysis showed a mean cone length of 3.68 ± 0.08 mm and a body length-to-body width ratio of 3.83 ± 0.21, with measurements largely comparable to published reference values for F. gigantica while exhibiting intermediate characteristics between F. hepatica and F. gigantica. The findings indicate that fasciolosis remains highly prevalent among cattle slaughtered in Zaria and provide baseline epidemiological and morphometric data to support surveillance and control programmes in northwestern Nigeria.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cattle; Fasciola gigantica; Kaduna State; Morphometric analysis; Prevalence: Zaria Abattoir
  topic: keywords
creator: Y. Magaji
creator: N. C. Eberemu
creator: N. Manir
creator: I. Isah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Y. Magaji, N. C. Eberemu , N. Manir, I. Isah
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 470
ending page: 478
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0402-50

Antibiogram of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Fresh Vegetables sold in Jos Metropolis Nigeria
type: item
description: Fresh vegetables are essential components of healthy diets, yet microbial contamination along the supply chain poses growing safety risks. This study determined the antibiogram of E. coli O157:H7 isolated from fresh vegetables sold in Jos metropolis, Nigeria. A total of 60 vegetable samples were analysed for bacterial load, E. coli identification using API 20E and subsequently E. coli O157:H7 was confirmed on cefixime‑tellurite sorbitol‑MacConkey agar. Susceptibility testing was done using Kirby‑Bauer method, with indices calculated. Total aerobic mesophilic count (TAMC) ranged from 1.60 × 10⁴ ± 2.48 × 10³ to 5.27 × 10⁶ ± 2.79 × 10⁶ CFU/g with no variation (p > 0.05) across vegetable types or market outlets. Total coliform counts varied significantly (p = 0.006) and exceeded the ICMSF limit of 100 MPN/g. Escherichia coli O157:H7 prevalence was 39.58% higher than generic E. coli (35.42%; χ² = 139.60, df = 7, p < 0.0001) with 50% positivity in leafy vegetables. Market occurrence differed (χ² = 9.16, df = 2, p = 0.010), with highest in samples from Farin‑Gada (62.50%), followed by Bukuru (43.75%) and then Building Materials (12.50%). The isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin (100%) and 94.74% to ceftaroline, but highly resistant to ampicillin (89.47%), and tetracycline (84.21%). Overall, 68.42% were multidrug‑resistant, with MAR indices ranged 0.17–0.83, with 84.21% ≥ 0.33, indicating high antimicrobial selection pressure. These findings demonstrate that fresh vegetables in Jos metropolis harboured E. coli O157:H7 at levels posing significant public health risk.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Antibiotic Susceptibility; Escherichia coli O157:H7; Fresh vegetables; Jos Metropolis; Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR)
  topic: keywords
creator: E. A. Tsok
creator: J. O. Okwojukwu
creator: L. E. Adang
creator: D. A. Dabo
creator: M. L. Yusuf
creator: N. N. Musa
creator: J. R. Wartu
creator: T. Y. Amapu
creator: Hycinth S. Dapiya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 E. A. Tsok, J. O. Okwojukwu, L. E. Adang, D. A. Dabo, M. L. Yusuf, N. N. Musa; J. R. Wartu; T. Y. Amapu, Hycinth S. Dapiya
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 462
ending page: 469
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0402-49

Detection of Shiga toxins from Escherichia coli O157:H7 amongst Coliform Bacteria Isolated from Poultry Meats sold in some parts of Gombe Metropolis
type: item
description: With the increase in global demand and consumption of poultry meat, as well as variety in poultry meat and products, microbial safety must be ensured. Escherichia coli has for decades been identified as an important zoonotic pathogen. This study aimed to investigate the presence of pathogenic E. coli from chicken meats obtained from various outdoor vendors in Gombe metropolis, Gombe State, Nigeria. A total of 60 chicken parts; 10 samples per chicken (including breast, drumstick, wings, thighs, backs and legs) were purchased. The samples were analysed via bacteriological culture-based techniques on MacConkey agar and Eosin Methylene Blue agar; Gram staining, further growth on Sorbitol MacConkey Agar and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using Stx2 primer and enteropathogenic E. coli were characterised. The occurrence of E. coli was 50% (n=30). Other coliforms found were Klebsiella pneumoniae (25%), Citrobacter spp (10%) and Enterobacter aerogenes (6.7%). Meanwhile, the occurrence of E. coli was highest in the chicken legs with 33.3% (n= 10) and lowest in drumsticks with 6.7% (n=02). The highest contamination level of E. coli was in chicken legs with 3.00 x 103 CFU/g, while the lowest was observed in drumsticks at 1.32 x 103 CFU/g. Of the 30 E. coli isolates across all the chicken parts, only 16.6% (n=5) contained Stx2 genes. Educating the vendors on good hygiene practices is critical in eliminating contamination and thereby preventing outbreaks due to E. coli O157:H7.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Chicken meats; Coliforms; Pathogenic E. coli; PCR; Shiga toxin
  topic: keywords
creator: M. M. Abdullahi
creator: S. Isa
creator: M. Y. Kabiru
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 M. M. Abdullahi, S. Isa, M. Y. Kabiru
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 185
ending page: 191
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2024-0204-24

Potential Neuroprotective Role of L-Citrulline in Parkinson’s Disease: Mechanisms, Experimental Evidence and Future Perspectives
type: item
description: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, characterised by the selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the pathological accumulation of α-synuclein in the form of Lewy bodies. Despite decades of pharmacological research, current therapeutic strategies remain symptomatic, failing to halt or reverse the underlying neurodegeneration. Emerging evidence has implicated mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. In this context, naturally occurring bioactive compounds with neuroprotective properties have attracted considerable interest. L-citrulline, a non-proteinogenic amino acid abundant in watermelon and a key intermediate in the urea cycle, has garnered attention for its capacity to enhance nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, modulate antioxidant enzyme activity, attenuate neuroinflammation, and support mitochondrial homeostasis. This narrative review critically integrates existing preclinical and experimental findings on the neuroprotective properties of L-citrulline, with emphasis on its potential relevance to the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying Parkinson’s disease (PD). It examines major aspects of PD, including its epidemiological burden and multifactorial pathogenesis, the utility of the rotenone-induced animal model in translational PD research, and the contributions of oxidative stress and SNCA/PINK1-associated molecular pathways to dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Furthermore, the review evaluates current mechanistic and functional evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of L-citrulline. It identifies significant knowledge gaps, particularly the limited availability of studies assessing L-citrulline in PD-specific experimental models with integrated gene expression analyses, and underscores the need for robust preclinical investigations and well-designed translational clinical studies to validate L-citrulline as a potentia…
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Parkinson’s disease; L-citrulline; neuroprotection; oxidative stress; rotenone; dopamine; PINK1; SNCA; alpha-synuclein; mitophagy; nitric oxide
  topic: keywords
creator: Ebenezer Adisa Adediji
creator: Oyebanjo Oyetola
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ebenezer Adisa Adediji , Oyebanjo Oyetola
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 426
ending page: 435
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0402-46

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Urinary Schistosomiasis among Patients Attending Two Healthcare Facilities in Kaduna State, Nigeria
type: item
description: Urinary schistosomiasis remains a major public health problem in Nigeria, particularly in areas with frequent human contact with contaminated water. This study determined the prevalence and associated risk factors of urinary schistosomiasis among patients attending Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital and Tudun Wada Primary Health Care, Kaduna State. A total of 400 urine samples were collected from participants aged 5 years and above and examined using syringe filtration and Combi-9 reagent strips for microhaematuria. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests at a significance level of p˂0.05. Overall prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection was 13.5%, while microhaematuria prevalence was 61.75%. Infection was highest among males, participants aged 11-20 years, and those attending Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital. Frequent contact with untreated water was significantly associated with the infection. The findings indicate that urinary schistosomiasis remains endemic in Kaduna State and highlight the need for improved screening, health education, safe water supply, and targeted control interventions.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Uriinary Schistosomiasis, Schistosoma haematobium, Prevalence, Haematuria, Risk Factors, Kaduna State, Nigeria
  topic: keywords
creator: Godsgift Ibrahim Apollos
creator: Gideon A. Amuga
creator: R. J. Ombugadu
creator: A. B. Yako
creator: Daniel M. Olayinka
creator: Comfort D. Thomas
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Godsgift Ibrahim Apollos, Gideon A. Amuga, R. J. Ombugadu, A. B. Yako, Daniel M. Olayinka, Comfort D. Thomas
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 415
ending page: 420
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0402-44

Comparative Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Screening of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Linn.) and Allium sativum (Linn.) Crude Extracts
type: item
description: Medicinal plants remain an important source of bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential, particularly in resource-limited regions where access to orthodox medicine is constrained. This study evaluated the phytochemical composition of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle) calyces and Allium sativum (Garlic) bulbs from Kaduna, Nigeria, through solvent extraction, qualitative screening, and quantitative phytochemical assays. Ethanolic extraction of H. sabdariffa and methanolic extraction of A. sativum yielded 17.04% and 4.69% (w/w), respectively, followed by column chromatographic fractionation using hexane/ethyl acetate and ethyl acetate/methanol gradients, yielding seven pooled fractions from roselle (R1-R7) and five from garlic (G1-G5). Qualitative screening confirmed saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, and terpenes in both plants, with anthraquinones detected only in roselle. Quantitative analysis showed roselle contained significantly higher alkaloids (876.78 +/- 12.4 vs 629.26 +/- 10.8 mg/g, p < 0.001), flavonoids (288.63 +/- 6.2 vs 233.13 +/- 5.7 mg QE/g, p < 0.001), polyphenols (6.61 +/- 0.3 vs 4.88 +/- 0.2 mg GAE/g, p < 0.01), and tannins (13.88 +/- 0.8 vs 9.42 +/- 0.5 mg TAE/g, p < 0.01) than garlic, while saponin content did not differ significantly (52.14 +/- 3.1 vs 49.76 +/- 2.9 mg/g, p > 0.05). This is among the first studies to directly compare the phytochemical yield and fractionation profile of Nigerian-grown H. sabdariffa and A. sativum under standardised conditions, providing a quantitative baseline for future bioactivity-directed isolation of compounds from these widely consumed Nigerian plants.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Phytochemical screening, extraction, fractionation, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Allium sativum, flavonoids, alkaloids
  topic: keywords
creator: Sadiq Ibrahim Auwal
creator: Joseph Appah
creator: G. B. Onwumere
creator: Gabriel Ajibade
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sadiq Ibrahim Auwal, Joseph Appah, G. B. Onwumere , Gabriel Ajibade
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 401
ending page: 405
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0402-41

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Rural Slaughterhouse Workers towards Caprine and Zoonotic Tuberculosis in Gombe State, Nigeria
type: item
description: Tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) is a significant zoonotic concern in livestock. Caprine tuberculosis (TB) has not been extensively studied like bovine TB in Nigeria. Despite goats and other small ruminants sharing a microenvironment with potentially infected cattle in most rural areas and slaughterhouses across Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa, this study was carried out to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAPS) of rural slaughterhouse workers in Gombe State, Nigeria, towards caprine and zoonotic TB. Using semi-structured closed-end questionnaires. Of the 155 total respondents, 148(94.48%) were male and age distribution showed that the majority of the respondents were between the ages of 14-29(30.30%) and 30-45 (41.90%). Out of 155 respondents, 123(79.34%) had at least a secondary school certificate (SSCE). KAPs assessment showed that one-hundred and thirty-five (135) representing (81.1 %) of the respondents had a very good score in assessment of their knowledge about caprine and zoonotic TB; while one-forty-nine (149) representing (96.1%) of the respondents had a very good score in evaluation of their attitude towards TB however, respondents practices assessment was sub-optimally poor with 79 respondents representing (50.1%) scored below 40%. Chi-square analyses showed that the level of education of the respondents was significantly associated with their scores in assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices towards caprine and zoonotic TB. The higher the level of education of the respondents, the higher their scores in the assessment of their knowledge, attitude and practices towards zoonotic and caprine TB.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Caprine; Knowledge, Attitude, Practices (KAPs); Questionnaire; Respondents; Slaughterhouse; Tuberculosis (TB)
  topic: keywords
creator: Hamidu Sani
creator: Emmanuel Chukwudi Okolocha
creator: Usman Usman Bashir
creator: Daniel Obinna Esonu
creator: Muhammad Umar Yuguda
creator: Adamu Hassan Jarmai
creator: Tasiu Sulaiman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Hamidu Sani, Emmanuel Chukwudi Okolocha, Usman Usman Bashir, Daniel Obinna Esonu, Muhammad Umar Yuguda, Adamu Hassan Jarmai, Tasiu Sulaiman
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 449
ending page: 461
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0402-48

Evaluation of Genetic Structure and Connectivity among Populations of Macrozoobenthic Snail (Mutela rubens) from Freshwater Ecosystems in Kano State, Nigeria
type: item
description: Macrozoobenthic snails are important bioindicators and fish food organisms in freshwater ecosystems, yet population genetic data for many Nigerian freshwater molluscs remain scarce. This study evaluated the genetic structure and connectivity among populations of the macrozoobenthic freshwater snail Mutela rubens from River Kano, River Bagwai and River Karaye in Kano State, Nigeria, using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of 96 specimens were analyzed and genetic variation was assessed using five RAPD primers, which generated 82 reproducible loci. Genetic polymorphism ranged from 56.10% to 63.41%, with the highest variation recorded in River Kano (63.41%), followed by River Bagwai (59.76%) and River Karaye (56.10%). Genetic diversity indices revealed higher heterozygosity in River Kano (0.205), while River Karaye recorded the lowest value (0.182), indicating differences in genetic variability and population connectivity. Nei’s genetic distance analysis showed moderate genetic differentiation among populations, with values ranging from 0.082 to 0.136, while genetic identity ranged from 0.873 to 0.921. Molecular analysis of variance revealed that 72% of the total genetic variation occurred within populations, whereas 28% was attributed to differences among populations. UPGMA dendrogram grouped the three populations into closely related clusters without genetic outliers. The findings demonstrate that M. rubens populations in Kano State freshwater ecosystems possess considerable genetic diversity and connectivity, although localized environmental factors may influence their genetic structuring.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Freshwater; Genetic diversity; Mollusc; Population connectivity; RAPD markers
  topic: keywords
creator: Rasheed Olatunji Moruf
creator: Halima Abdullahi Muhammad
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rasheed Olatunji Moruf, Halima Abdullahi Muhammad
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 391
ending page: 400
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0402-40

An Evaluation of Shelf Life of Fermented Soybean (Soy “Daddawa”) Under Different Storage Conditions
type: item
description: Fresh fermented soybean cake (soy ’’Daddawa’’) is highly perishable, limiting its shelf life, consumer acceptability and commercialization. This study evaluated the effects of different storage environments on the shelf life and quality of soy ‘’Daddawa’’. Two laboratory-produced samples (one inoculated with Bacillus subtilis and one uninoculated control) and a commercially purchased sample were investigated. Following fermentation, proximate composition was determined, and samples were stored in an oven (low-moisture) and humid conditions for 12 days. Temperature, relative humidity, pH, aerobic mesophilic bacterial count, sensory quality, and bacterial contaminants were monitored throughout storage. The oven maintained a constant temperature of 27 ± 0.00°C throughout the 12-day storage period, whereas the ambient storage temperature gradually increased to 28.33 ± 0.33°C by day six of storage. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in proximate composition among the fermented samples; however, the B. subtilis-inoculated sample had the highest protein content (45.28%). Relative humidity decreased from 21% to 10% under oven storage and from 48.33% to 40.67% under humid conditions, while pH increased progressively, reaching 8.17 in oven-stored samples. Aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts increased during storage without significant differences (p > 0.05) among treatments. Freshly fermented laboratory-produced samples achieved 100% consumer acceptance, with the inoculated sample receiving the highest sensory score (8.6 ± 0.6). Sensory acceptability declined markedly after 6 days and was completely lost by day 12. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. were detected in stored samples. These findings show that Moisture-free storage prevents “Daddawa” spoilage.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Daddawa; Fermentation; Shelf life; Storage conditions; Moisture content; Sensory evaluation
  topic: keywords
creator: Fatima Balarabe Suleiman
creator: Aminu Bukar
creator: M. Bashir
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Fatima Balarabe Suleiman, Aminu Bukar, M. Bashir
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 378
ending page: 390
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0402-39

Sociodemographic and Risk Factors Associated with Human Papillomavirus Infection among Sperm-Impaired Male Patients Attending Reproductive Clinic at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria
type: item
description: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide and has increasingly been implicated in male reproductive dysfunction. However, evidence on the sociodemographic and behavioural determinants of HPV infection among sperm-impaired men in Nigeria remains limited. This hospital-based cross-sectional study investigated the sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors associated with HPV infection among 156 sperm-impaired male patients attending the Reproductive Health Clinic of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria. Semen samples were evaluated for sperm concentration, motility, and morphology using standard laboratory methods, while HPV DNA was detected using the GeneXpert HPV assay. Sociodemographic, behavioural, and clinical information was obtained through structured questionnaires and analysed using IBM SPSS version 23. Chi-square tests and odds ratios were used to determine associations at a significance level of p < 0.05. The overall HPV prevalence was 6.7%. Although HPV infection was more frequent among men aged 37–50 years, age was not significantly associated with infection. Single participants had significantly higher HPV prevalence than married men. Lower educational attainment and lack of circumcision were associated with poorer semen quality. History of organ transplantation and presence of genital warts showed significant associations with HPV infection, while dysuria and difficulty with urine flow were significantly related to impaired semen quality. The findings demonstrate that HPV infection among sperm-impaired men is associated with selected sociodemographic and clinical factors. Enhanced HPV awareness, male vaccination, safer sexual practices, and incorporation of HPV screening into infertility evaluation may improve reproductive health outcomes in Nigeria.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Human Papillomavirus; Public Health: Risk Factors; Sociodemographic Factors; Sperm Impairment
  topic: keywords
creator: Musa Ibrahim Tukur
creator: Yahaya Aliyu
creator: Sakinat Ifediorah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Musa Ibrahim Tukur, Yahaya Aliyu, Sakinat Ifediora
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 367
ending page: 377
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0402-38

Survey on Gastrointestinal Parasites of Cattle in Two Local Government Areas in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
type: item
description: Livestock production is faced with several problems, which, in the long run, result in low productivity. There is a need to investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of cattle in Keffi and Lafia, Nasarawa State. Faecal samples were collected from the rectum of cattle in markets and abattoirs into sterile labelled polythene bags and conveyed in ice packs to the Parasitology Laboratory for examination using the flotation technique. A total of 200 cattle from Keffi and Lafia were examined for intestinal helminths. A total of 105 (52.5%) cattle were infected. Cattle from Lafia LGA were slightly more infected (55.0%) than those from Keffi LGA (p>0.05). The rearing system was found to be a significant determinant of infection since animals reared under a closed system had less infection than those in the open system. Parasites encountered ranged from trematodes, nematodes, to protozoans with single parasitism mainly from Fasciola spp. It is recommended that pastures should be rotated even if closed ranging system is practised, avoid overgrazing, feed the cattle with good feed and clean water.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Closed grazing; Gastrointestinal parasites; Livestock; Open grazing; Overgrazing
  topic: keywords
creator: O. O. Esezobor
creator: G. A. Amuga
creator: A. B. Yako
creator: R. J. Ombugadu
creator: M. D. Olayinka
creator: D. T. Comfort
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 O. O. Esezobor , G. A. Amuga, A. B. Yako, R. J. Ombugadu, M. D. Olayinka, D. T. Comfort
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 362
ending page: 366
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0402-37

Adherence with Hypertension Prevention Measures among Hypertensive Patients Attending Clinics in Umaru Shehu Ultra-Modern Hospital, Maiduguri
type: item
description: Hypertension remains a major global public health challenge, with suboptimal adherence to prevention measures contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. This study assessed adherence to hypertension prevention measures among hypertensive patients attending clinics in Umaru Shehu Ultra-Modern Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed, and data were collected from 350 hypertensive patients through a structured, pretested questionnaire. Respondents were selected using a systematic sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25, employing descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations, as well as Chi-square tests to examine associations between adherence levels and socio-demographic variables. Results showed that adherence to lifestyle modification measures was moderate, with higher compliance to dietary control and reduced salt intake, but lower adherence to regular physical activity and weight management. Blood pressure monitoring routines showed relatively better adherence, though home monitoring was inconsistent. Factors influencing adherence included affordability of care, quality of counselling, presence of side effects, family support, and cultural or religious beliefs. No significant association was found between adherence level and socio-demographic characteristics. The study concludes that multiple, interrelated factors hinder optimal adherence to hypertension prevention measures. It recommends strengthening patient education, enhancing counselling services, improving access to affordable care, promoting physical activity, leveraging family and community support, addressing cultural barriers, and implementing reminder systems to improve adherence.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Adherence
  topic: keywords
subject: Hypertension prevention
  topic: keywords
subject: Hypertensive patients.
  topic: keywords
subject: Lifestyle Modification; Maiduguri; Medication Compliance
  topic: keywords
creator: Rahmatu Balarabe
creator: H. S. Mohammed
creator: A. Ahmed
creator: A. S. Abdullahi
creator: V. S. Ogenyi
creator: F. Mukhtar
creator: A. Dahiru
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rahmatu Balarabe, H. S. Mohammed, A. Ahmed, A. S. Abdullahi, V. S. Ogenyi, F. Mukhtar, A. Dahiru
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 349
ending page: 361
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0402-36

Zooplankton Community Structure in Akassa Creek, Delta State, Nigeria
type: item
description: Zooplankton are key indicators of aquatic ecosystem health and productivity. This study investigated the taxonomic composition, abundance, and spatial-temporal distribution of zooplankton in Akassa creek, a brackish water system in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Monthly samples were collected between the months of October-December, 2024 from 2 stations (Akassa 1 and Akassa 2) using a 55 µm plankton net. A total of 4 taxa were recorded, dominated by Lecane closterocerca; Acartia metanauplius and Arcella vulgaris. Akassa 1 recorded a higher diversity index (H’ = 1.312), lower dominance D (0.2861), higher richness S (4) taxa and a higher evenness J’ (0.9284) reflecting a more balanced community. On the other hand, Akassa 2 had a lower diversity H’ (0.8379), higher dominance D (0.4631), lower richness S (3 taxa), lower evenness J’ (0.7705) indicating a skewed community. The differences between the composition and abundance of zooplanktons in Akassa 1 and Akassa 2 suggests that spatial monitoring of diversity indices is critical for fisheries management. The findings provide unique data for conservation and fisheries management in Akassa creek.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Aquatic Ecosystems health
  topic: keywords
subject: Water Intergrity
  topic: keywords
subject: Akassa Creeks
  topic: keywords
subject: Zooplanktons
  topic: keywords
subject: Ecological indices.
  topic: keywords
creator: Efe Ogidiaka-Obende
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Efe Ogidiaka-Obende
date: 2026-06-25
publication date: 2026-06-25
starting page: 313
ending page: 320
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0402-32

Comparative Proximate Composition of Six Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Accession Cultivated in Katsina State, Nigeria
type: item
description: Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), known locally as beniseed, is a major oilseed crop in Nigeria. This study evaluated the proximate composition of six sesame accessions (IGBOHO BLACK, 02M, E8, EXSUDAN, KENAN 4, and BOGORO LOCAL) to identify nutritionally superior lines. Proximate analyses (moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fiber, fat and oil, and carbohydrate) were conducted using standard methods. One‑way ANOVA indicated significant differences among accessions for all traits (p ≤ 0.05). IGBOHO BLACK and E8 recorded the highest moisture contents (3.40 ± 0.10% and 3.38 ± 0.00%, respectively). IGBOHO BLACK had the highest ash (5.98 ± 1.10%) and crude fiber (5.77 ± 1.10%), while E8 showed the highest crude protein (7.21 ± 0.20%) and highest fat and oil content (60.50 ± 1.40%), closely followed by KENAN 4 (60.46 ± 2.13%). Carbohydrate content was greatest in IGBOHO BLACK and BOGORO LOCAL (27.63 ± 1.30% and 27.62 ± 1.18%, respectively). The accessions IGBOHO BLACK and E8 had favorable levels of moisture content, crude fibre, protein, fat and oil, carbohydrates that suggest they are promising accessions for nutritional and economic value, followed closely by KENAN 4 and BOGORO LOCAL. Further evaluation of Sesamum indicum L. under different environments and yield trials is recommended for breeding and cultivation purpose.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Composition; E8; IGBOHO BLACK; Proximate; Sesame
  topic: keywords
creator: J. D. Buah
creator: A. A. Omotoso
creator: D. D. Musa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 J. D. Buah, A. A. Omotoso, D. D. Musa
date: 2026-06-22
publication date: 2026-06-22
starting page: 288
ending page: 292
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0402-29

Health Effects of Chronic Pesticide Exposure: A Narrative Review of Neurological, Carcinogenic, Reproductive, Metabolic, and Systemic Implications
type: item
description: Chronic pesticide exposure represents a critical global public health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries characterized by inadequate regulatory oversight and poor occupational protection. While acute poisonings are well-documented, sub-acute chronic exposures are increasingly linked to long-term systemic pathologies. This study synthesizes multi-disciplinary evidence linking chronic pesticide exposure to systemic human diseases while critically appraising the methodological strengths and limitations of the current literature. A comprehensive search of major biomedical databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar) identified key prospective cohorts, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and mechanistic studies published between 2000 and 2026, alongside foundational pre-year 2000 literature. Convergent epidemiological and experimental data robustly associate chronic exposure with neurodegenerative conditions (Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases), specific malignancies (non-Hodgkin lymphoma, leukaemia, breast cancer), reproductive disorders, and metabolic dysregulation, including type 2 diabetes. These pathologies are driven by shared molecular pathways: oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, endocrine disruption, neuroinflammation, genotoxicity, and epigenetic alterations. Notably, prenatal and pediatric cohorts exhibit heightened susceptibility due to developmental vulnerability and immature metabolic detoxification. Although exposure misclassification, chemical mixture complexities, and residual confounding problems tend to limit definitive causal attribution for individual compounds. This aggregate evidence warrants decisive public health intervention. Mitigating this burden requires expanded prospective biomonitoring, global regulatory harmonization, and the accelerated adoption of integrated pest management frameworks.
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Carcinogenesis; Disruption; Endocrine; Neurotoxicity; Occupational health; Oxidative stress; Reproductive toxicity
  topic: keywords
creator: S. Musa
creator: U. E. Ubi
creator: E. S. Danjuma
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 S. Musa, U. E. Ubi, E. S. Danjuma
date: 2026-06-21
publication date: 2026-06-21
starting page: 272
ending page: 287
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0402-28

Review on Current Strategies of Malaria Control in Kaduna State, Nigeria
type: item
description: Malaria remains a major public health challenge in Nigeria, particularly in Kaduna State, where climatic conditions, poverty, poor sanitation, and weak health systems sustain transmission. This seminar reviewed current malaria control strategies in the state, focusing on epidemiology, interventions, challenges, and emerging innovations. Plasmodium falciparum is identified as the dominant parasite responsible for severe cases and deaths, while Anopheles gambiae serves as the primary vector. Key interventions include insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), indoor residual spraying (IRS), larval source management (LSM), seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC), rapid diagnostic testing (RDTs), Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies (ACTs), and community health education. Although these measures have reduced malaria morbidity and mortality, their effectiveness is constrained by several challenges, including insecticide and drug resistance, poor net utilization, weak surveillance systems, irregular commodity supply, poverty, environmental degradation, and inadequate healthcare infrastructure. Evidence from different LGAs in Kaduna State also shows that irrigation farming, insecurity, internally displaced populations, and poor sanitation contribute significantly to sustained transmission. At the same time, behavioural non-compliance further undermines intervention outcomes. The review highlights emerging control approaches such as malaria vaccines (R21/Matrix-M), gene-drive mosquito technologies, digital surveillance systems, and artificial intelligence-based predictive tools as promising future directions. It concludes that achieving sustainable malaria elimination in Kaduna State requires a comprehensive, multisectoral approach that integrates strengthened health systems, improved surveillance, environmental management, consistent political commitment, community engagement, and the effective adoption of both existing and innovative control strategies.
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Insecticide-treated nets; Malaria; Malaria control; Malaria vaccine; Plasmodium falciparum; Vector control
  topic: keywords
creator: B. Bako
creator: F. M. Musa
creator: A. U. Mukhtar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 B. Bako, F. M. Musa, A. U. Mukhtar
date: 2026-06-21
publication date: 2026-06-21
starting page: 242
ending page: 251
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0402-25

Molecular Detection of magA Gene and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Uropathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Patients Attending Federal Teaching Hospital Katsina, Nigeria
type: item
description: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae pose significant public health challenges due to increasing antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants. This study aimed to molecularly confirm K. pneumoniae isolates, determine the occurrence of the magA virulence gene, and evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among patients attending Federal Teaching Hospital Katsina, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 200 urine specimens from patients with suspected UTIs. K. pneumoniae was confirmed by PCR targeting the yhaI gene, and the magA virulence gene was detected. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. Molecular confirmation identified 11 (5.5%) K. pneumoniae isolates. Only one isolate. (9.0 %) was positive for the magA virulence gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed complete susceptibility (100%) to amikacin, high susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (81.8%) and meropenem (81.8%), but significant resistance to cefotaxime (90.9%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (81.8%), and ampicillin (63.6%). Resistance was observed in 90.9% of isolates, with MAR indices ranging from 0.25 to 0.63. This study confirms the presence of Uropathogenic K. pneumoniae carrying the magA virulence gene with significant resistance patterns. The coexistence of virulence determinants and antimicrobial resistance underscores the need for routine molecular diagnostics, continuous surveillance, and strengthened antimicrobial stewardship programs to guide appropriate therapy and prevent the spread of resistant strains.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Antimicrobial resistance; Klebsiella pneumoniae; magA gene; Nigeria; Urinary tract infections; yhai gene
  topic: keywords
creator: Yahaya Aliyu
creator: Sakinat Ifediorah
creator: Musa Ibrahim Tukur
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Yahaya Aliyu, Sakinat Ifediora, Musa Ibrahim Tukur
date: 2026-06-21
publication date: 2026-06-21
starting page: 232
ending page: 241
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0402-24

Molecular Identification and Distribution of Fungal Species Associated with Stored Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
type: item
description: Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L. R. Br.), a member of the Poaceae family, is the sixth most important cereal crop globally and a major staple in northern Nigeria due to its high nutritional values and gluten-free properties. However, fungal contamination during storage poses serious economic and public health concerns, particularly due to the production of mycotoxins. This study investigated the occurrence and diversity of fungal species associated with stored pearl millet seeds collected from five major markets in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. Pearl millet seeds (480g) were collected in each market, surface-sterilized, moistened with sterile distilled water, and stored for seven days to induce spoilage. Seeds were plated on Potato Dextrose agar amended with streptomycin and incubated for three days at 25±2°C. The emerging fungi were sub-cultured to obtain pure isolates and identified using morphological characteristics and molecular analysis targeting the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region. Sequence analysis through BLAST confirmed five fungal species: Aspergillus tamarii, Fusarium arcuatisporum, Penicillium griseofulvum, Curvularia lunata, and Pseudopestalotiopsis theae. A. tamarii had the highest frequency of occurrence (29.73%), while F. arcuatisporum had the lowest frequency (13.51%). Idi-Abebe market recorded the highest fungal distribution (40.54%), likely due to poor storage infrastructure. The predominance of mycotoxigenic species underscores the need for improved post-harvest handling, routine mycological surveillance, mycotoxin risk assessment, and storage hygiene to enhance the safety and shelf life of stored pearl millet within local value chains.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Molecular analysis; Morphological characteristics; Mycotoxins; Pearl millet; Pseudopestalotiopsis theae
  topic: keywords
creator: S. O. Sulaimon
creator: T. Garuba
creator: A. A. Lateef
creator: G. S. Olahan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 S. O. Sulaimon, T. Garuba, A. A. Lateef, G. S. Olahan
date: 2026-06-21
publication date: 2026-06-21
starting page: 221
ending page: 231
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0402-23

Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Using Multi-Locus Sequence Typing and SCCmec Typing from Poultry and Poultry Farm Workers in Kano, Nigeria
type: item
description: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important zoonotic pathogen increasingly associated with livestock, particularly poultry, posing a significant public health threat. This necessitates molecular epidemiological surveillance using robust typing tools such as multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and SCCmec typing. A cross-sectional study was conducted to characterize MRSA isolates recovered from poultry and poultry farm workers in Kano, Nigeria. S. aureus was identified using microbiological methods and by PCR targeting the nuc and mecA genes. Molecular characterization was performed using MLST based on amplification and sequencing of selected housekeeping genes, while SCCmec typing was conducted using multiplex PCR assays. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred to assess genetic diversity and clonal relatedness. A total of 13 MRSA isolates were confirmed by the presence of the mecA gene. The MLST analysis revealed multiple sequence types, indicating genetic heterogeneity among isolates, consistent with previous reports of diverse MRSA lineages in poultry environments. Three of the seven housekeeping genes were amplified. SCCmec typing identified types II and IV, with type IV being more prevalent. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated clustering of isolates from both poultry and farm workers, indicating potential cross-species transmission. This study highlights the circulation of genetically diverse MRSA strains among poultry and poultry farm workers in Kano, with evidence of shared clonal lineages. The predominance of SCCmec type IV underscores the role of community and livestock-associated MRSA in this setting. Continuous surveillance using MLST and SCCmec typing is essential to understand transmission dynamics and to inform effective control strategies at the human–animal interface.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Molecular characterization; MRSA; MLST; Poultry; SCCmec
  topic: keywords
creator: Hauwa Kawu Bala
creator: R. K. Bala
creator: A. Mohammed
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Hauwa Kawu Bala, R. K. Bala, A. Mohammed
date: 2026-06-23
publication date: 2026-06-23
starting page: 293
ending page: 304
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0402-30

Haematobiochemical Response of Red Sokoto Bucks Fed Different Processed Forms of Piliostigma reticulatum Pods
type: item
description: The experiment was carried out to examine the haematological and serum biochemical response of Red Sokoto bucks fed with different processed forms of Piliostigma reticulatum pods. A completely randomised design (CRD) was used with three treatments designated as: T1 (control), T2 and T3 replicated four times for twelve weeks. Feed and water were offered ad libitum. The data were analysed using the General Linear Model of SAS (2002) version 9.13. The result indicated that there were no significant (P>0.05) differences in packed cell volume (PCV) (27.40 – 29.90 %), haemoglobin (Hb) (9.35 - 11.10 g/dL), white blood cells WBC (104.00 - 120.70×109), Lymphocyte (91.55 – 93.40%), Monocyte (0.00 – 0.10%), Basophil (0.25 - 0.50%), Eosine (0.45 – 0.65%), Platelet (119.00 – 129.00). However, other haematological indices were significantly (p<0.05) different across the treatments. red blood cells (RBC) (10.00 – 14.50× 10^12/L), Mean corpuscular volume (35.11 – 38.32fl), Mean corpuscular haemoglobin (8.90 – 10.60pg) Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (31.27 – 38.95pg). Also, most of the serum biochemical indices; Na+, K+, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, total protein, bicarbonate (HCO3), aspartate aminotranferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphate (ALP) were significantly (p<0.05) different, while chloride ion (Cl-), total and conjugated bilirubin were similar (p>0.05) across the treatments. Altogether, they were within the normal range for healthy red Sokoto bucks. Thus, implied that inclusion of Piliostigma reticulatum pod meal in the diets of red Sokoto bucks has no deleterious effect on their haematological indices; therefore, heath status may not be impaired.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biochemical indices; Haematological; Piliostigma reticulatum pods; Red Sokoto bucks; Serum
  topic: keywords
creator: A. Yusuf
creator: B. Ahmed
creator: J. Yerima
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 A. Yusuf, B. Ahmed, J. Yerima
date: 2026-06-21
publication date: 2026-06-21
starting page: 147
ending page: 152
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0402-17

Mosquito Repellency and Toxicity Effects of Hyptis suaveolens (Leaves) Against Culex Mosquito
type: item
description: Human pathogens that are transmitted by insects are a global problem, particularly those vectored by mosquitoes. Mosquitoes are the most important group of insect vectors able to transmit several diseases, including malaria, dengue and filariasis, especially in the local environment, hence the need to find safe, locally available and environmentally benign control measures. Hyptis suaveolens is an exotic plant that has high adaptability and tolerance of changes in abiotic factors, with a particularly high presence in the northern regions of Nigeria. This study aimed at analysing the repellency and toxicity effects of Hyptis suaveolens on Culex mosquitoes. Leaves of Hyptis suaveolens were obtained from Katsina-Mani Road. Using the prepared plant extract, phytochemical screening, repellency and toxicity tests were carried out. The result of phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, reducing sugar, steroids, saponins, and tannins. Total number of mosquitoes landed on the control arm was 15 (60%), followed by arm treated with 20% repellent cream, which was 3 (12%), while none (0%) landed on 40%, 60% and 100% arm treated with repellent cream. The toxicity of Hyptis suaveolens leaves against Culex mosquitoes was recorded at different concentrations, where the effect of Hyptis suaveolens leaf smoke was higher at higher concentrations and lower at lower concentrations. Further, 100% toxicity was obtained at 80 and 100% concentrations. This study revealed that an extract obtained from dried leaves of Hyptis suaveolens had the ability to repel adult Culex mosquitoes even at low concentration (40%).
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Culex mosquito; Hyptis suaveolens; Katsina State; Repellency; Toxicity
  topic: keywords
creator: Y. Lawal
creator: Z. A. Yaradua
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Y. Lawal, Z. A. Yaradua
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 569
ending page: 575
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2025-0304-65

Effects of the Methanolic Leaf Extract of Abrus precatorius Linn on Body weight, Sperm Morphology and Viability in Wistar Rats
type: item
description: Male factor infertility is a critical component in animal reproduction that is often caused by low sperm count or poor sperm motility. Because treatments are expensive and invasive, there is growing interest in phytotherapy. While many plant products are claimed to boost fertility, most of these claims have not yet been scientifically proven or reported. The effect of methanolic extract of Abrus precatorius linn leaf on body weight, sperm morphology and viability in male Wistar rats was evaluated in this study. Fifty-two (52) male Wistar rats were divided equally into 4 groups (10 rats per group), and weighed on day 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Group A were administered distilled water (Control group) while Group B, C and D received 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of the extract respectively. Rats were randomly selected and sacrificed on days 14 and 28 for histological analyses of their testes and epididymis tissue. Results revealed that all extract-treated groups (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg) experienced a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in body weight from day 7 through day 28 lower than the control group, but showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in normal sperm morphology (healthier structure) on both days 14 and 28. Similarly, sperm viability showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in live, viable sperm cells on both days 14 and 28. While the methanolic extract of Abrus precatorius leaves causes weight loss, it appears to improve overall sperm quality by preserving both morphology and viability in male rats.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Abrus precatorius, Wistar Rats, Sperm Morphology, Sperm Viability, Body weight.
  topic: keywords
creator: Kefas David Malgwi
creator: Ladi Sanya
creator: Nubwa Daniel
creator: Dauda Yahi
creator: Emmanuel Oluwasegun Adawaren
creator: Nicholas Adetayo Ojo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Kefas David Malgwi, Ladi Sanya, Nubwa Daniel, Dauda Yahi, Emmanuel Oluwasegun Adawaren; Nicholas Adetayo Ojo
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 340
ending page: 348
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0402-35

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Horses Reared in Katsina Metropolis
type: item
description: Equines are animals of strength and might but the effects of Gastro intestinal parasites can greatly limit their activities. Apparently, horses can harbour over half a million gastrointestinal parasites which may include protozoans, trematodes, cestodes and nematodes. This study aimed to identify gastrointestinal parasites affecting horses reared within Katsina metropolis using coprological methods. Between the months of May and August, 2024, fresh faecal samples were collected from 135 horses within Katsina metropolis (Northern Nigeria), and analysed using the floatation techniques to detect faecal parasitic forms (eggs, oocysts) and larvae. Strongylus vulgaris was the most prevalent helminth (61.3%), followed by Oxyris equi (33.2%), then Anoplocephala spp (10.3%). Among the protozoans, Eimeria spp. (64.3 %) was more frequent, followed by Fasciola spp. (29.9 %). This study demonstrates that horses in Katsina are commonly affected by mixed infections, with Strongylus vulgaris being the most prevalent species. From the results obtained, a significant difference (P value = < 0.05) was observed in the prevalence of all the gastrointestinal parasites examined between the body conditions. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of P. equorum with the sex of horses (P value = <0.05). From the findings of the present study, proper screening and monitoring of the horses should be carried out regularly, and regular and strategic deworming programmes should be carried out, as some of these parasites can be transmitted to other domestic animals, which could bring about great economic loss to society.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Gastrointestinal parasites; Horses; Katsina metropolis; Parasittic protozoans; Prevalence
  topic: keywords
creator: Z. A. Yaradua
creator: M. Ahmad
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Z. A. Yaradua, M. Ahmad
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 562
ending page: 568
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2025-0304-64

Antibacterial Efficacy of Bioethanol Extracted from Sugarcane Juice and Corn Cob Against Escherichia coli
type: item
description: This study is aimed at comparing the bioethanol produced from Saccharum officinarum L. and Zea mays L. in terms of their yield, disinfectant potential and antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli. The feedstocks were sourced from the Katsina Central market, Nigeria, during the 2025 harvest season. Corncobs were pretreated by dilute acid steam explosion using 1.5% H₂SO₄ at 121°C for 60 min, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis with cellulase and hemicellulase at 50°C for 72 hours. Sugarcane juice was liquefied and saccharified using α-amylase and glucoamylase. Both hydrolysates were fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 30°C for 72 hours and distilled by fractional distillation. Sugarcane juice outperformed corn cobs in process efficiency, yielding 72.8 g/L reducing sugar, 92.5% hydrolysis efficiency, 21.7% v/v ethanol, 0.401 L/kg yield, and 85.2% fermentation efficiency. Corn cobs produced 42.5 g/L reducing sugar, 68.0% hydrolysis efficiency, 16.2% v/v ethanol, 0.285 L/kg yield, and 78.5% fermentation efficiency. Quality tests showed that ethanol from corn cob had higher purity at 96.2% v/v with a clean blue flame, while sugarcane ethanol was 93.4% v/v with slight yellow flame tips indicating trace impurities. The feed stocks had acceptable acidity levels of 28–35 mg/L. Antibacterial assays at 70% v/v revealed ethanol from sugarcane completely inhibited Escherichia coli, whereas corn cob ethanol left a residual 19 CFU/mL despite higher purity. Sugarcane juice had higher fermentation efficiency and bioactivity as a first-generation feedstock, while corncobs offer a sustainable second-generation option with superior purity. Optimizing pretreatment, hydrolysis, and dehydration is essential to improve yield and consistency.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Antimicrobial activity; Bioethanol; Corn cob; Escherichia coli; Fermentation efficiency; Sugarcane juice
  topic: keywords
creator: G. O. Lawal
creator: J. D. Buah
creator: A. A. Omotoso
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 G. O. Lawal, J. D. Buah, A. A. Omotoso
date: 2026-06-21
publication date: 2026-06-21
starting page: 120
ending page: 130
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0402-14

Mapping Groundwater Contamination Plumes Around an Urban Solid Waste Dumpsite Using Two-Dimensional Electrical Resistivity Tomography: A Case Study of Tukur-Tukur, Zaria, Nigeria
type: item
description: Uncontrolled open dumpsites in peri-urban environments generate leachate that poses a persistent threat to shallow groundwater in Basement Complex terrain. This study delineates subsurface leachate plume distribution and the extent of groundwater contamination at the Tukur-Tukur dumpsite, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria, using two-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (2D-ERT). Eight 200-metre survey profiles were acquired using the ABEM LUND Imaging System with Schlumberger electrode configuration. Apparent resistivity data were inverted using RES2DINV software and correlated with borehole lithological data. The resistivity models resolved a four-layer subsurface consistent with borehole lithology: reddish lateritic clay (0–3 m), brownish sandy granite (3–6 m), weathered/fractured basement (6–36 m), and fresh crystalline basement (>36 m). Low-resistivity anomalies (<100 Ωm) in the uppermost 0–7 m across all profiles indicate pervasive topsoil contamination. Critically, anomalies of 10–80 Ωm at 28–38 m depth in the eastern sector suggest deep aquifer impairment. Root mean square errors ranged from 4.3% to 25.9%. The result indicates that plumes have migrated beyond dumpsite boundaries in all directions and have reached the principal aquifer horizon. This finding highlights the need for dumpsite engineering upgrades, water quality monitoring, and community health protective measures.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Electrical Resistivity Tomography; Groundwater contamination; Leachate plume; Nigeria; Schlumberger array; Solid waste; Zaria
  topic: keywords
creator: C. G. Afuwai
creator: A. A. Hamza
creator: Abubakar Ya'u Galambi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 C. G. Afuwai, A. A. Hamza, Abubakar Ya'u Galambi
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 556
ending page: 561
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2025-0304-63

Prevalence, Species Composition, and Risk Factors of Ectoparasite Infestations in Small Ruminants in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
type: item
description: This present study investigated the prevalence, species composition, and risk factors associated with ectoparasite infestations in small ruminants in Maiduguri, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey of 200 sheep and goats was conducted over 12 months (October 2024–September 2025) using multistage sampling across household and market systems. Standard clinical examination and parasitological techniques were employed for ectoparasite collection and identification. The overall prevalence of ectoparasite infestation was 62.0% (124/200; 95% CI: 55.1–68.4). Goats (68.0%) exhibited a higher infestation rate than sheep (56.0%), although the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Animals sourced from markets showed significantly higher infestation compared to those from households (p < 0.05), highlighting the role of livestock aggregation in parasite transmission. Ticks were the predominant ectoparasites, with Rhipicephalus spp. (40.3%) being the most prevalent, followed by Amblyomma variegatum (19.4%) and Hyalomma spp. (11.3%). Lice (Linognathus spp. and Damalinia spp.), fleas (Ctenocephalides spp.), and mites, particularly Sarcoptes scabiei, were also identified at moderate levels, while mixed infestations occurred in 9.7% of animals. Infestation burden was strongly associated with poor body condition and intensive (confined) management systems, whereas sex had no significant influence. Adults showed higher tick burdens, while some lice and mites were more frequent in younger animals. The findings demonstrate a high burden and diverse composition of ectoparasites driven by management practices, host condition, and animal movement. Targeted control strategies integrating improved husbandry, biosecurity, and routine parasite management are essential to reduce production losses and zoonotic risks in the region.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ectoparasites, Small ruminants, Prevalence, Risk factors, Maiduguri
  topic: keywords
creator: Amina Mohammed Bello
creator: Jalaluddin Rabana lawal
creator: Jamila Dauda
creator: Hauwa Ibrahim Abdulrahman
creator: Fatima Abba Habib
creator: Abdullahi Abubakar Biu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Amina Mohammed Bello, Jalaluddin Rabana lawal, Jamila Dauda, Hauwa Ibrahim Abdulrahman, Fatima Abba Habib, Abdullahi Abubakar Biu
date: 2026-06-21
publication date: 2026-06-21
starting page: 103
ending page: 119
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0402-13