Sahel Journal of Life Sciences FUDMA (SAJOLS) is an Open Access Journal hosted by the Faculty of Life Sciences, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Nigeria. Currently, it publishes peer-reviewed open access journals online and in print, covering a diverse range of academic disciplines within (but not limited to) Life Sciences and allied fields. By offering its publications in Open Access, SAJOLS seeks to provide for the global academic community and facilitates the advancement and application of science.
Faculty of Life Sciences, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria
Microbial Safety and Physicochemical Integrity of Houseboat Water in a Petroleum-Impacted Creek System of the Niger Delta
Potable water is a deceptively fragile part of public health, especially around aquatic environments that have been contaminated but remain clear hiding chemical and microbial dangers. This study evaluated the physicochemical integrity and microbiological safety of potable water stored aboard houseboats operating within the Jones Creek petroleum corridor of the Niger Delta over a three-month sampling period. A cross-sectional design was adopted, and triplicate samples were collected from multiple operational locations, including Amalgamated Marine and Technical Services Limited (AMAT), Nigerian Exploration and Production Limited (NEPL), and a treated reference source (Well Workover Node). Physicochemical parameters were determined using standard methods, while microbial quality was evaluated using membrane filtration, biochemical identification, and phenotypic virulence screening. Results showed that measured parameters were within recommended limits; however, bacterial isolates with detectable virulence traits were present, indicating Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. Virulence screening demonstrated haemolytic activity in 40% of isolates and lipase expression in 60%, suggesting heterogeneous but tangible pathogenic potential. The contrast between chemical compliance and detectable virulence traits indicates that physicochemical conformity does not equate to microbiological security. These findings demonstrate that physicochemical compliance does not guarantee microbiological safety, highlighting the need for integrated water quality monitoring in petroleum-influenced aquatic systems.
Bacterial isolates; Houseboat water; Physicochemical quality; Virulence factors; Water safety
Copyright (c) 2026 A. O. Ogunkeyede, V. O. Urhibo, F. B. Okorhi-Damisa
Effects of Soil Organic Matter Fractions on Some Selected Physical and Chemical Properties of Forest Soils in Gashaka Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria
Soil organic matter fractions provide important insights into the mechanisms regulating soil carbon stabilization and nutrient dynamics in tropical ecosystems. This study investigated the distribution of soil organic carbon fractions and their relationships with selected soil physical and chemical properties in forest soils of Gashaka Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from twenty-five auger sampling points at two depths (0–20 cm and 20–50 cm) using a systematic sampling approach within a 100-hectare forestland. A total of fifty soil samples were analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), mineral-associated organic carbon (MOC), and selected soil physical & chemical properties using standard laboratory procedures. The results revealed clear vertical stratification of soil organic carbon fractions, with higher concentrations observed in the surface soil depth. Total organic carbon declined from 1.62% in the 0–20 cm depth to 1.21% in the 20–50 cm depth, while particulate organic carbon decreased from 0.46% to 0.38% with increasing soil depth. Mineral-associated organic carbon constituted the dominant carbon pool, accounting for approximately 71–73% of total organic carbon. The reduction in soil organic carbon fractions with depth corresponded with increases in bulk density and reductions in soil porosity, water holding capacity, and nutrient status. Surface soils with higher organic carbon concentrations also recorded greater total nitrogen and cation exchange capacity. The findings highlight the importance of vegetation-derived organic inputs and organo-mineral interactions in regulating carbon stabilization and sustaining soil productivity in tropical savanna ecosystems.
Carbon stabilization; Gashaka Nigeria; Mineral-associated organic carbon; Particulate organic carbon; Soil organic carbon fractions; Soil physicochemical properties; Tropical savanna soils
Copyright (c) 2025 S. A. Musa, M. A., R. I. Solomon, A. M. Saddiq
Isolation and Identification of Dermatophytes Associated with Barbing Instruments in Ungogo Local Government Area, Kano State
Dermatophytosis is a common superficial infection that affects people irrespective of regional differences all over the world. The aim of this research was to isolate and identify dermatophytes associated with barbing instruments in Ungogo Local Government Area of Kano State. In the methodology, swabs and scrapings associated with barbing saloons were collected as samples. Direct microscopy was done using 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) and the samples were also cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) for the isolation of the associated dermatophyte species. The result revealed an overall occurance of 53(13.8%) positivity rate with four different dermatophytic species (with Trichophyton rumbrum (41.5%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (24.5%), Microsporum canis (17.0%), and Microsporum tonsurans (17.0) identified. The result also indicated that hair combs (66.0%) were more contaminated with damertophytes than clippers which had (34.0%). Contamination of instrument per species showed that T. rubrum had more occurrence on hair comb (63.7%) than clippers (36.4%); T. mentagrophyte also occurred more on hair comb (67%) than on clippers (33.3%). Similarly with T. tonsurans and M. canis were more isolated from hair comb than clippers. Dermatophytosis can easily be spread between individuals in barbing saloons, via the barbing instruments; Trichophytons and Microsporum species are of particular concern in the study area.
Barbing instruments; Dermatophytosis; Dermatophytes; Isolation and identification; Public Health
Antimicrobial Potential of Endophytic Fungi from Capsicum annuum and Vigna Unguiculata Against Xanthomonas campestris and Fusarium oxysporum
This study investigated the isolation and characterization of endophytic fungi from Capsicum annuum and Vigna unguiculata, and evaluated their biocontrol potential against Xanthomonas campestris and Fusarium oxysporum. Endophytes were isolated from surface-sterilized plant tissues collected in Katsina State, Nigeria. Four fungi Alternaria sp., Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp., and Rhizopus stolonifer—were identified based on morphological characteristics. Antimicrobial activity of fungal culture filtrates was assessed in vitro using the agar well diffusion method at concentrations ranging from 25 to 100 µg/mL. Secondary metabolites of active isolates were analyzed using Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Results showed a dose-dependent inhibition by Penicillium sp. and A. niger, while Alternaria sp. and R. stolonifer exhibited no activity. Penicillium sp. demonstrated the highest efficacy, with inhibition zones of 24.5 ± 2.2 mm against X. campestris and 16.6 ± 0.3 mm against F. oxysporum at 100 µg/mL. Aspergillus niger showed moderate inhibition with zones of 17.1 ± 1.5 mm and 11.3 ± 0.22 mm, respectively. LC-MS profiling revealed the production of penicillin G and griseofulvin by Penicillium sp., and 2-phenylethanol by A. niger. However, both fungi also produced mycotoxins such as ochratoxin A, patulin, and gliotoxin. The study highlights the strong biocontrol potential of Penicillium sp. and A. niger, alongside significant biosafety concerns, emphasizing the need for non-toxigenic strains for sustainable agricultural application in Nigeria.
Antimicrobial Activity; Biocontrol; Endophytic Fungi; Mycotoxins; Secondary Metabolites
Copyright (c) 2026 G. Auwal, A. A. Bem, K. A. Bashir
Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Mixed Ligand Metal (II) Complexes Derived from 2,2- Bipyridine and Oxalic Acid
The synthesis of the metal (II) mixed ligand complexes of Mn, Co, Ni and Cu was carried out successfully by the reaction of the metal (II) chloride with the ligands 2,2-bipyridine and oxalic acid and characterized on the bases of solubility, decomposition temperatures, FTIR, UV-visible data, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility, and elemental analysis. The analyses revealed that the metal complexes were soluble in DMSO, DMF and insoluble in certain organic solvents. It was discovered that the decomposition temperatures ranged from 243 - ˃300oC. The high decomposition temperature shows that the complexes are stable in nature. The IR data show that the mixed ligands were coordinated to each of the metal (II) ions. The non-electrolytic nature of all the complexes is indicated by their low molar conductance values (4.72-29.77 ohm-1 cm2 mol-1). Magnetic moment values (1.780-5.1085BM) of the complexes showed that all are paramagnetic in nature. The elemental analysis results of the ligands and the metal (II) complexes shows that the calculated percentages of C, H and N in the compounds and the experimental values(found) were in good agreement. This agrees with the proposed structures of the complexes. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the ligands and metal (II) were carried out. The metal complexes exhibit moderate antibacterial and antifungal activities compared to the free ligands. Generally, the activity increases with increase in concentrations. But their activities are lower than that of the controls.
2,2- Bipyridine; Antimicrobial; Characterization; Ligand metal (II); Oxalic acid; Synthesis
Copyright (c) 2026 Sumayya Rabiu Muhammad, Auwa Sulaiman, Muhammad Musa Ahmad, Nasir Adamu
Bioactive Constituents and Inhibitory Effects of Methanolic Extract of Acacia nilotica against Plasmodium Trophozoites and Schizonts
Acacia nilotica is traditionally used for various ailments, though its anti-malarial properties require scientific validation. This study investigated the phytochemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and antiplasmodial activity of its 50% methanolic seed extract. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses were conducted using standard protocols. Antioxidant activity was evaluated via ABTS and DPPH assays, while anti-malarial efficacy was assessed in vitro against Plasmodium parasites. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of anthraquinones, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids. Quantitative analysis showed high concentrations of saponins (77.07%), flavonoids (62.12%), and alkaloids (15.2%). The extract demonstrated moderate antioxidant activity, with ABTS inhibition ranging from 49.5% to 15.5% across concentrations. Anti-malarial assessment revealed dose-dependent schizont inhibition, achieving 63.63% at 100 µg/mL, comparable to artemether (88.10% viability at same concentration). Acacia nilotica seed extract is rich in bioactive compounds, particularly saponins and flavonoids, with significant anti-malarial potential through schizont inhibition. These findings support its ethnomedicinal use and warrant further investigation for novel anti-malarial lead compounds.
Acacia nilotica; Antioxidant activity; Antiplasmodial activity; Phytochemical; Plasmodium Trophozoites; Schizonts
Copyright (c) 2026 F. Abubakar, S. S. Sulaiman, S. Abdulsalam, B. N. Lawal
Effect of Solanum lycopersicum Supplementation on Lipid Profile and Atherogenic Indices in Wistar Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet
This study evaluated the potential of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) powder supplementation in preventing high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic, hepatic, and renal complications. Diets rich in fat, often associated with increased consumption of junk food, are prevalent and contribute to oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Nutraceuticals with antioxidant properties have been proposed as accessible and cost-effective strategies for mitigating such effects. Twenty-eight Wistar rats were assigned to four dietary groups: standard diet, HFD, HFD supplemented with 3.5% tomato powder, and standard diet supplemented with 3.5% tomato powder. Growth parameters, glycemic control, lipid profile, and markers of liver and kidney function were assessed using blood glucose monitoring, lipid profiling, and enzymatic assays. Results showed that rats fed tomato-supplemented HFD had higher feed intake and weight gain compared to the unsupplemented HFD group. Serum lipid analysis revealed increased cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoprotein levels in the supplemented groups. Liver enzyme activities (AST and ALT) were significantly elevated in the supplemented standard diet group, indicating possible hepatic stress. Renal function markers, including urea and creatinine, also showed significant alterations, suggesting potential kidney involvement. Atherogenic indices, including Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), Cardiac Risk Index I (CRI-I), and Cardiac Risk Index II (CRI-II), were evaluated. Although tomato supplementation did not cause a severe electrolyte imbalance, findings indicate limited benefits in weight control and lipid regulation, with possible adverse effects on liver and kidney function. These results highlight the need for further investigation before recommending tomato powder supplementation in high-fat diets.
Cardiovascular risk; Dyslipidemia; Hepatoprotection; Metabolic health; Renoprotection; Tomato supplementation
Copyright (c) 2026 S. Idoko, S. O. Otokpa
Survey on Infestation and Damage of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Some Maize Fields in Kano, Nigeria
Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm), an invasive pest native to the Americas, was first reported in Africa in 2016 and has since spread to over 44 countries across the continent. To confirm its presence and assess infestation levels and damage severity in Kano State, Nigeria, a field survey was conducted in selected Local Government Areas during both the dry and rainy seasons. The survey covered maize farms in Kura, Gwarzo, Tofa and Minjibir, using a random sampling method. Results indicated higher infestation and damage severity during the dry season, with the highest infestation rate recorded in Gwarzo (96%), and followed by Kura (89%). The damage severity was highest in Kura (8.0), followed by Gwarzo (6.8) on a 9.0 scale. In the rainy season, the highest infestation and damage severity were observed in Minjibir (75%, 5.35) and Gwarzo (51%, 4.25) respectively. These findings confirm the widespread presence and significant impact of Spodoptera frugiperda in the study area. Regular surveillance, monitoring and the implementation of integrated pest management strategies are recommended to mitigate the pest`s adverse effect on maize production. The results may also inform policy decisions regarding Spodoptera frugiperda management in Kano State.
Crop damage; Fall armyworm; Infestation; Maize; Survey
Copyright (c) 2026 I. M. Bello, A. M. Shuaibu, H. I. Ashir, B. M. Jahun, M. O. Adebola
Prevalence of Gastro-Intestinal Parasites among Goats in Island of Naifaru, Maldives
Gastrointestinal parasitism remains an important constraint to small ruminant productivity; however, data on parasite occurrence in goats in the Maldives are lacking. This study investigated the prevalence of endoparasites in goats reared in Naifaru, Maldives, using standard parasitological techniques. A total of 32 faecal samples were collected from goats across six farms and examined for endoparasites employing direct faecal smear, simple faecal flotation, and sedimentation methods. The use of multiple diagnostic approaches improved detection sensitivity for both protozoan and helminth infections. Data obtained were analyzed descriptively to determine parasite occurrence and overall prevalence. The results indicated the presence of Eimeria spp. as the only detected endoparasite, while no helminth eggs or larvae were observed across all samples examined. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal endoparasites was low, with infections limited to intracellular protozoan parasites. The absence of helminth infections suggests either minimal exposure to infective stages or effective natural or management-related control within the study area. In conclusion, this study provides baseline data on gastrointestinal parasites in goats in Naifaru, Maldives, revealing a low prevalence of endoparasitic infections and no detectable helminthiasis. These findings highlight the need for continued surveillance and the implementation of appropriate management strategies to prevent potential parasite outbreaks and sustain goat productivity in the region.
Endoparasites; Goats; Maldives; Prevalence; Public Health
Copyright (c) 2026 Hussain Misfah Saamee, Abubakar Muhammad Waki, Mohammed Kyari Zango, Tan Li Peng
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Candida albicans Infection among Women of Childbearing Age Attending Ministry of Defence Headquarters Clinic, Garki, Abuja
Candida albicans is the primary pathogen responsible for vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), a common infection affecting women. This study evaluated the prevalence and risk factors among women of childbearing age attending the Ministry of Defence Headquarters Clinic in Garki. A cross-sectional study was employed to screen 250 women, with participants randomly selected. Well-structured questionnaires were administered to collect socio-demographic, behavioural, and health-related data. Then, high vaginal swabs (HVS) were collected aseptically and identified using standard morphological and microscopic analysis. The results show that a notable number of participants were exposed to C. albicans, with an overall prevalence of 4% and risk factors included vaginal douches (54.4%), high sugar diet (53.6%), smoking (50%), and regular use of tight clothing (45.6%). Many of these participants also reported a previous diagnosis of candidiasis and existing ill health conditions. The infection occurred highest among women with formal education (26.7%), widows (11.8%), students (7.0%), and pregnant women in their third trimester (50%). Notable symptoms revealed by previous medical records included additional diagnoses such as vaginal yeast infection (62%), diabetes (5%), and fibroid (2%). While this study highlighted a low prevalence, there is a need for routine screening and continuous health education to help mitigate the spread of this infection.
Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Prevalence; Risk factors; Vulvovaginal candidiasis; Women
Copyright (c) 2026 Adebimpe D. Babalola, K. B. Dikwa, B. C. Onusiriuka, Y. Rabe
The Role of Wetlands in Climate Regulation in Daura Local Government Area, Katsina State, Nigeria
This study observed the ecological condition, land use practices, and environmental pressures affecting selected wetland ecosystems in Kwarin Sarki, Unguwar Gabasawa, and Kwarin Lugga. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select 30 respondents (10 per site), comprising farmers, herders, traditional leaders, government officials, and local community members with knowledge of wetland utilization. Primary data were obtained through structured interviews, field observations, GPS, and soil sampling for organic matter (OM%) analysis. Findings reveal strong livelihood dependence on wetland resources, with farmers (46.7%) and herders (26.7%) forming the majority of respondents. Educational attainment was generally low, suggesting reliance on traditional ecological knowledge in resource management. Biophysical assessment showed clear spatial variation in vegetation condition and soil organic matter. Kwarin Lugga recorded the highest OM% (2.276) and relatively intact riparian vegetation, indicating better ecological stability. Kwarin Sarki exhibited moderate ecosystem resilience (OM% = 2.034), while Unguwar Gabasawa recorded the lowest OM% (1.369), reflecting significant degradation associated with flooding, deforestation, and settlement expansion. Natural stressors such as drought (83%), irregular rainfall (67%), and soil erosion (60%) further compound anthropogenic pressures across the sites. All the study site are good environment for animal grazing and fishing if the ecological strategic planning is going to be fully maintain.
Anthropogenic Pressure; Climate Change; Ecological control; Soil Organic Matter; Sustainability; Wetland
Copyright (c) 2026 Haruna Hassan, Muhammad Haruna Musa, Aisha Rabiu Wada, Mohammed Yusuf Mawashi
Pattern of Morbidity and Outcome of Hospitalized Children: A retrospective Study in Goldfish Sea Hospital Kano, Nigeria
Under-five mortality is still very high in the African sub-region. In Nigeria alone, more than 2300 children aged less than 5years die every day. Nigeria is the second largest contributor to global under-five mortalities. More than 60% of the medical conditions in Nigeria are attended to in private hospitals. This study aimed to document the morbidity pattern and outcomes of admissions among children admitted into a private hospital in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted over three years period. The study population includes all children aged 0 to 15years that were admitted into the paediatric wards of the hospital in Kano, Nigeria. The age, gender, diagnoses and disease outcome of the patients were retrieved from the hospital medical records. Data analysis was done using SPSS Version 25. There were 1966 paediatric cases admitted over the study period. Males were 1110 (56.5%) and females were 856 (43.5%), with a male-to-female ratio of 1.3 :1. Over 90% of the children were less than 5years. Birth asphyxia (21.9%), Malaria (15.3%), Neonatal jaundice (14.7%), Acute diarrheal disease (9.5%), and pneumonia (9.4%) were the leading causes of admission. The patients who died during admission constituted 2.3% of the total admitted patients, with 66.9% of these deaths occurring in children under five years of age.
Admissions; Kano; Nigeria; Pattern; Paediatrics
Copyright (c) 2026 Aishatu Yahya Muhammad, Abdurraman Bin Usman, Sakina Yahya
Effect of Sex and Season on the Prevalence of Helminthic Parasites of Bagrus bayad in Sabke Dam, Katsina State, Nigeria
Fish parasites and diseases remain some of the most important area of research to fishery biologist. Fish may serve as intermediate or definitive hosts of parasites that are of economic importance to man and other animals. This research aimed to investigate the seasonal variations on the prevalence of parasites in Bagrus (Bagrus bayad) in Sabke Dam. One hundred and twenty (120) fish samples were collected, rinsed for ectoparasite. Specimens were dissected and organs were bathed in saline solution for parasite recovery and identification. The result shows that in Bagrus bayad the intestine had the highest occurrence of parasites of 24 (20.00%) followed by the stomach 22 (18.33%) respectively. Helminthic parasites recovered were Trematodes (Neascus sp), Cestodes (B. aegyptiacus, P. clarias and P. glanduliger), Nematodes (Contracaecum sp and P. laevionchus), and Acanthocephalan (N. rutuli) The result showed that the prevalence of infection increased with increase in the hosts size (length and weight), and infection was highest in the dry season. Therefore, follow up surveys on the life cycle of the major parasites should be done at certain intervals in order to identify any change in the trends of possible fish parasites that could affect the fish populations.
Bagrus; Fish; Helminthic; Parasite; Prevalence; Sabke Dam; Season
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Musa Ahmad, Zulkifilu Sani, Abdulhamid Ahmed, Taufik Babatunde Ademoula, Bababngida Abdulkarim, Abubakar Sani, Aisha Rabiu Wada
Occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus and their Resistant Strains in Raw Meat sold at a Metropolitan Abattoir in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
Staphylococcus aureus is a major foodborne pathogen associated with raw meat contamination and an emerging public health concern due to increasing antimicrobial resistance. This study assessed the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw meat sold at a metropolitan abattoir in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. A total of 80 raw meat samples, comprising beef, chevon, and mutton, were analyzed using standard microbiological methods. Isolation was carried out using Mannitol Salt Agar and confirmed by biochemical tests, while antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Out of the samples analyzed, 26 (32.5%) were positive for Staphylococcus aureus. Beef recorded the highest prevalence (40%), followed by chevron (32%) and mutton (24%), with no significant association between animal species and contamination (p > 0.05). The isolates showed high resistance to oxacillin (46.2%), erythromycin (42.3%), and penicillin (38.5%), while all the isolates were susceptible to vancomycin (100%). The presence of antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in raw meat highlights a potential route for transmission of resistant pathogens to humans through the food chain.
Abattoir; Antimicrobial resistance; Food safety; Raw meat; Staphylococcus aureus
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdulrahman Idris Adamu, Adamu Saleh Saidu, Abdulrahman Mohammed , Muhammad Mamman Gashua, Elisha Ibrahim, Abubakar Malgwi Haruna
Consumption of High Salt-Diet Causes Cortical and Hippocampal Lipid Peroxidation via Endogenous Antioxidant Depletion in Sleep Deprived Adult Female Wistar Rats
Excessive dietary salt intake is a major global health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where it significantly contributes to hypertension and other non-communicable diseases. Concurrently, chronic sleep deprivation is increasingly recognized as an independent risk factor for neurological and cardiovascular dysfunction. While each stressor individually impairs health, its combined impact on hippocampal oxidative balance and cognition remains poorly understood. In this study, twenty Adults female Wistar rats weighing 120-150 g were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 5 per group): control, high-salt diet (5% NaCl supplementation), sleep-deprived, and combined high-salt plus sleep-deprived. At the end of the experimental period, hippocampal tissue and blood samples were analyzed for oxidative stress biomarkers, including malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH). Cognitive performance was assessed using hippocampal-sensitive antioxidant assays. The combined high-salt and sleep-deprived group exhibited pronounced elevations in hippocampal and brain MDA levels (514.70 ± 10.03 vs. 436.32 ± 8.39) alongside significant reductions in CAT (3.60 ± 0.48 vs. 2.68 ± 0.19) and SOD (5.08 ± 0.45) activity compared to controls. These alterations were associated with impaired spatial learning and memory, consistent with hippocampal oxidative stress. Our findings demonstrate that concurrent high-salt intake and sleep deprivation synergistically disrupt hippocampal redox homeostasis and impair cognitive outcomes in female Wistar rats. This highlights the compounded risk posed by poor dietary patterns and inadequate sleep, with important implications for populations experiencing overlapping nutritional and lifestyle stressors.
Copyright (c) 2026 I. S. Malgwi, N. S. Emmanuel, G. S. Yakubu, A. Muhammad
Harnessing Integrated Weed Management to Boost Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Yield and Profitability under Diverse Weed Flora in Nigeria’s Sudan Savanna
Weed infestation remains a major constraint to groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production in the Sudan Savanna of Nigeria, where diverse annual and perennial species compete for nutrients, light, and water. This study evaluated the efficacy and profitability of integrated weed management strategies at Bayero University Kano and Minjibir during the 2023 rainy season. Sixteen treatments, including various rates of pendimethalin 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 kg a.i. ha⁻¹; imazethapyr at 100, 125, and 150 g a.i. ha⁻¹ and its combination, hoe weeding and weedy check, were arranged in a randomised complete block design with three replications. Growth parameters, pod yield, and economic indices (net profit and benefit–cost ratio, BCR) were analysed. Results revealed significant (p < 0.05) treatment effects on all variables. The combination of pendimethalin at 1.5 kg a.i. ha⁻¹ with either hoe weeding at 6 weeks after sowing (WAS) or imazethapyr at 125 g a.i. ha⁻¹ produced the highest pod yields (1,222-1,398 kg ha⁻¹). These treatments demonstrated superior profitability, generating net returns of ₦290,800–₦315,025 ha⁻¹ and BCR values of 1.91-2.23. Conversely, sole herbicide applications and weedy checks resulted in marginal or negative returns (BCR < 1.0), while two hoe weedings at 3 and 6 WAS achieved comparable yields but incurred higher labour costs. Integrating chemical and mechanical control improves weed suppression and financial sustainability. Integrated weed management using pendimethalin at 1.5 kg a.i. ha⁻¹ plus imazethapyr at 125 g a.i. ha⁻¹ or hoe weeding at 6 WAS maximises groundnut yield and economic returns in the study area.
Copyright (c) 2026 I. M. Mussaddiq, T. T. Bello, E. A. Shittu
Weed Flora Dynamics, Control Strategies and Varietal Response of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Productivity in the Sudan Savanna of Nigeria
A field study was conducted during the 2022 rainy season at Bayero University Kano and Bunkure, in Nigeria’s Sudan savanna, to evaluate weed flora dynamics, control treatments, and varietal performance on soybean. The experiment employed a split-plot design with seven weed control treatments comprising of pendimethalin at 1.0 and 1.5 kg a.i. ha⁻¹, imazethapyr at 100 g a.i. ha⁻¹, pendimethalin at 1.0 kg a.i. ha⁻¹ + imazethapyr at 100 g a.i. ha⁻¹, pendimethalin at 1.0 kg a.i. ha⁻¹ + hoe weeding at 6 weeks after sowing (WAS), hoe weeding at 3 and 6 WAS, and weedy check as main plots, and three soybean varieties (TGX-1448-2E, TGX-1835-10E, and TGX-1951-3F) as subplots. Results identified nineteen weed species, with broadleaf weeds like Ipomoea spp. and Cirsium vulgare predominating, while sedges such as Cyperus rotundus were more prevalent at Bunkure. Hoe weeding at 3 and 6 WAS and the integrated application of pendimethalin at 1.0 kg a.i. ha⁻¹ + imazethapyr at 100 g a.i. ha⁻¹ achieved the highest weed control indices (>70%) and lowest weed biomass. These treatments significantly enhanced leaf area index, pod weight, and seed yield (>2.6 t ha⁻¹), compared to the weedy check (<1.0 t ha⁻¹). Among varieties, TGX-1951-3F exhibited superior canopy development, weed competitiveness, and yield potential. Integrating herbicide use, specifically pendimethalin at 1.0 kg a.i. ha⁻¹ + imazethapyr at 100 g a.i. ha⁻¹, offers an efficient, less labor-intensive alternative to manual hoeing. Consequently, this integrated approach is recommended for sustainable and economically viable soybean production in the Sudan savanna.
Herbicide efficiency; Integrated weed management; Soybean productivity; Varietal competitiveness; Weed control index; Weed flora dynamics
Copyright (c) 2026 T. T. Bello, K. A. Bature, E. A. Shittu
Genetic Diversity among Selected Nigerian Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars for Agronomic Improvement Towards Sustainable Food Security
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important cereal crop that serves as a staple food for millions of people in Nigeria and more than 50% of the world's population. Therefore, with the changing climate and global food challenges, the need to identify potential rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars cannot be overemphasised. Hence, the study seeks to explore and measure the level of genetic diversity among selected rice germplasm resources in Nigeria, to identify potential candidates for rice improvement programs. The experimental layout was a complete randomized block design (CRBD) with three replicates per cultivar. Genetic diversity was assessed using 10 SSR markers on 40 Nigerian rice cultivars. The study revealed significant variability among evaluated cultivars. Cluster analysis of molecular data divided the 40 cultivars into two major clusters with subclusters. Molecular analysis revealed 3.8 average alleles, heterozygosity (He = 0.55), gene diversity (GD = 0.58), Shannon’s index (I = 0.49) and PIC of 0.51 among rice cultivars, indicating a moderate level of genetic diversity. Heritability was highest in grain yield (H2 = 0.97). The observed polymorphism suggests potential cultivars with ample opportunity for a crop improvement program to develop new, resilient, high-yielding climate-smart cultivars through breeding.
Cultivar, Diversity, Oryza Sativa, Rice, Variation
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmed Abdullateef, Muhammad Aliyu, Rabiu N. Kutiriko, Ahmad Aliyu, Adamu Saba, Muhammad Kabiru Habibu, Muhammad Isah
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Entamoeba histolytica Infection among Children Attending Selected Hospitals in Kaduna North Local Government Area, Kaduna, Nigeria
Amoebiasis, caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica, remains a major health challenge in developing countries like Nigeria, particularly among children, where poor sanitation and inadequate hygiene facilitate its transmission. This study investigated the prevalence of E. histolytica infection among children between the ages of 0 and 12 years old attending some selected hospitals in Kaduna North Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in which 138 stool samples were collected from children attending four selected hospitals: General Hospital Kawo (GHK), Ashmed Specialist Hospital (ASH), Garkuwa Specialist Hospital (GSH) and FOMWAN Maternity Hospital (FMH). Stool samples were examined using iodine wet mounted and examined by a light microscope for the presence of E. histolytica cysts and trophozoites. Data were analyzed using Chi-square statistics on SPSS version 20. The results revealed an overall prevalence of 48.0% (42/138). The highest occurrence was observed in General Hospital Kawo (18.5%), followed by Garkuwa Specialist Hospital (17.0%), Ashmed Specialist Hospital (7.5%), and FOMWAN Maternity Hospital (5.0%). Male children had a higher infection rate (28.0%) compared with females (20.0%). Age-related prevalence showed that children between the ages of 1–4 years old were the most infected (20.0%), followed by those aged 9–12 years old (13.5%) and then 5–8 years old (8.5%). The high prevalence observed indicates that amoebiasis remains endemic in the study area. Improved sanitation, health education, safe water supply, and routine screening are recommended to reduce infection among children.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr Baba Gabi, Saratu Abdulsalam, Muhammad Alhassan Gabi
Evaluation of Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) Information Access in Schools: A Case Study of Udu Local Government Area in Delta State, Nigeria
This study assesses Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) practices and hygiene information access in schools within the Udu Local Government Area, Delta State, Nigeria. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, including systematic random sampling and structured questionnaires, the study collected data from 381 respondents across 35 schools. The findings reveal that primary water sources were boreholes/jacking pumps (47.5%) and hand-dug wells (50.4%). Functional handwashing facilities were vital for disease prevention, yet significant gaps in HSE information access exist. This study underscores the need for enhanced hygiene infrastructure and targeted interventions to promote safer learning environments, providing valuable insights for policymakers and educators.
Environment; Health; Hygiene; Information Access; Safety; Udu Local Government Area
Copyright (c) 2026 Akinyemi Olufemi Ogunkeyede, Balogun Josephine Ebehiremen
Cells Adhesion Inhibitory Activity of Identified Compounds from Taminalia catappa Against Clinical Isolate of Trichosporon asahi
Trichosporon infection represents an emerging and still underestimated type of fungal infection that can lead to severe medical manifestations. It is associated with a high mortality rate worldwide, especially among immunocompromised patients. Trichosporon asahi rapidly forms biofilm which are cells composed of extracellular matrix. This biofilm formation by cell adherence to surfaces is a mechanism of antibiotic resistance employed by T. asahi. This research work is aimed at determining the adhesion-inhibitory activity of identified compounds from T. catappa against a clinical isolate of Trichosporon asahi. The microdilution method was used to form adhered cells on the microtitre wells and Column chromatography was used to fractionate the n-butanol extract of T. catappa. The wells containing nitrogen-based broth were inoculated with a cell suspension of Trichosporon asahi isolate and treated with fractions of N-butanol extracts of T. catappa. Fraction (F8) significantly inhibited the formation of adhered cells compared to other fractions, which is reflected in the concentration of the adhered cells formed. GC-MS of the F8 revealed various compounds with methyl ester having 99% purity. F8 fraction of T. catappa contains compounds most especially methyl ester, with 99% purity that disrupts the formation of adhered cells, therefore reducing antibiotics resistance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maimuna Zubairu , Baba Gabi
Effects of Processing Methods on Proximate, Antinutrients, and Antioxidant Properties of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Flours and Organoleptic Properties of the Puddings
The effects of processing methods on proximate, antinutrients and antioxidant properties of pigeon pea flours and organoleptic properties of the puddings were investigated. Seven flours were produced using soaking, boiling and combined soaking/boiling processing methods and designated as: (So12) soaked for 12 h, (So24) soaked for 24 h, (B30) boiled for 30 min, (B60) boiled for 60 min, (S12B30) soaked for 12 h and boiled for 30 min, (S24B60) soaked for 24 h and boiled for 60 min and (RPPF) raw pigeon pea flour, which served as the control. The proximate, antinutrients, and antioxidant properties were analyzed using standard methods. The sensory properties of puddings produced from pigeon pea flours and sprouted cowpea flour were evaluated using the 9-point hedonic scale. The proximate results depicted that moisture ranged (5.45 – 9.66%), crude protein (18.85 – 24.16%), fat (1.31 – 1.80%), crude fibre (3.04 – 5.01%), ash (1.43 – 3.08%) and carbohydrate (59.55 – 65.68%). The energy value ranged from 349.22 to 356 kcal. The antinutrients were significantly (p<0.05) reduced by all the processing treatments. The antioxidant properties ranged for total phenol (85.95 – 162.99 mg/GAE/100g), total flavonoid (44.91 – 93.31 mg/QE/100g), DPPH (39.90 – 63.23%), FRAP (6.35 – 16.93 umol Fe2+/g), and ABTS (8.43 – 19.47 umol TE/g). The organoleptic results showed that the processed pigeon pea puddings recorded higher scores than the cowpea pudding, thus are more preferred. Therefore, flours with good nutrients, high antioxidant properties and acceptable products can be produced from pigeon pea processed by different methods.
Pigeon pea, puddings, antinutrients, antioxidant properties, organoleptic, processing methods
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Dorothy C. Arukwe, Dr. Ijeoma F. Okereke , Dr. Blessing I. Offia-Olua , Dr. Nkeiruka L. Nwanagba , Miss Gracemary C. Iwuanyanwu
Prevalence of Fascioliasis among Humans and Slaughtered Ruminants in Katsina Abattoir, Katsina State, Nigeria
Fascioliasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease of significant public health and economic importance in tropical regions. This study investigated the prevalence of fascioliasis among humans and slaughtered ruminants at Katsina abattoir, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study design was adopted involving 200 human participants and 300 ruminants (including cattle, sheep, and goats). Samples including faeces, bile, and liver tissues were collected and analysed using standard parasitological techniques. The overall prevalence in humans of 2.6% was recorded, with a significant association between age and infection (p = 0.011). The findings indicated a moderate level of endemicity in the study area. The overall prevalence of fascioliasis among ruminants was 14.3%. Species-specific prevalence showed that sheep had the highest infection rate (21.7%), followed by cattle (17%), while goats recorded the lowest prevalence (10%). In cattle, infections were most frequently detected in faecal (10.20%) and bile samples (8.84%), with liver samples having the lowest detection rate (1.36%). Among the sheep, bile samples had the highest occurrence of the infection (13.04%), whereas in goats, faecal samples recorded slightly higher occurrence (3.07%) than bile and liver samples (2.30% each). Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in prevalence among animal species (p = 0.145). The higher prevalence observed in sheep and cattle may be attributed to grazing habits and increased exposure to contaminated environments. This study highlights the need for improved control measures, including proper meat inspection, public health education, and strategic deworming programs to reduce transmission.
Fascioliasis, prevalence, Ruminants, Zoonosis, Katsina, Nigeria
Copyright (c) 2026 Nanafaraha Sanusi, Nkiru Charity Eberemu , Manir Nasiru
Preliminary Phytochemical Characterization, In vitro Antioxidant and Gastric Acid–neutralizing Properties of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) remains a significant global health challenge, driven largely by Helicobacter pylori infection, non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory drug use, and oxidative stress–mediated mucosal injury. In this study, the phytochemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and in vitro gastric acid–neutralizing potential f the aqueous leaf extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum and its solvent fractions were evaluated as preliminary indicators of gastroprotective potential, rather than confirmed anti‑ulcer efficacy. Qualitative phytochemical screening indicated the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, triterpenoids, phenolics, and steroids. Quantitative assays, expressed relative to extract dry weight, revealed triterpenoids as the most abundant class. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH, ABTS, nitric oxide scavenging, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, with results expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 3). Several solvent fractions demonstrated concentration‑dependent antioxidant activity; however, comparisons with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) were descriptive and not subjected to inferential statistical equivalence testing. Gastric acid neutralization was evaluated using an in vitro titration model, where extracts increased solution pH, particularly in the presence of sodium carbonate. These findings indicate that B. pinnatum contains bioactive constituents with antioxidant activity and acid‑buffering capacity that may contribute to gastroprotective effects, but do not constitute direct evidence of anti‑ulcerogenic efficacy. Further in vivo and mechanistic studies, including mucosal protection and enzymatic models, are required to substantiate therapeutic relevance.
Antioxidant activity; Bryophyllum pinnatum; Gastric acid neutralization; Gastroprotection; In vitro studies; Phytochemicals
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdullahi Zubair Lukman Jalala, O. A. AbdulGaniyu, B. B. AbdulGaniyu, R. A. AbulRahman, J. Adekunle
Assessment of Soil Fertility Status and Nutrient Distribution in Agricultural Soils of Gusau Local Government Area, Zamfara State, Nigeria.
Soil fertility assessment is a prerequisite for sustainable agriculture in semi-arid regions, where continuous cultivation often leads to nutrient depletion. This study evaluated the fertility status and nutrient distribution of agricultural soils in the Wanke and Mada districts of Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty (120) soil samples were systematically collected from two depths (0–20 cm and 20–50 cm) and analyzed for key physicochemical properties using standard laboratory procedures. The results indicated that soil pH ranged from 6.01 to 6.16, reflecting slightly acidic conditions suitable for most tropical crops. Organic carbon (1.00–1.23%) and total nitrogen (0.09–0.11%) levels were low to moderate, suggesting a need for organic matter stabilization. Notably, available phosphorus (7.04–8.57 mg kg⁻¹) fell below critical thresholds, identifying it as a primary limiting factor. The exchange complex was dominated by calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+), with an effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) of 5.63–6.20 cmol(+) kg⁻¹ and a high base saturation (75–82%). While the soils demonstrate moderate nutrient retention capacity, the deficiencies in nitrogen and phosphorus pose risks to long-term productivity. To mitigate these constraints and ensure food security in the region, the study recommends integrated soil fertility management, specifically the incorporation of organic amendments and balanced inorganic fertilizer application.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdulmuddalib Muhammad Auwal Gusau, SALIHU ARDO, PROF. A. M. TAHIR, U. K. Umar, A. S. Abdulqadir, A. M. Saddiq
Effects of Aqueous Extract of Chanca Piedra (Phyllanthus niruri) on Haematological Parameters and Blood Glucose Levels in Albino Mice
This study aims to investigate the effects of the aqueous extract of Chanca Piedra (Phyllanthus niruri) on haematological parameters and blood glucose levels in healthy albino mice. Twenty mice were divided into four groups (A, B, C and D), each containing five mice. Group A (control) were orally administered distilled water, while groups B, C and D received oral gavage of graded doses of 200 mg, 400 mg, and 800 mg of aqueous extract of Phyllanthus niruri, respectively, for 28 days. Blood glucose levels of the mice in each group were measured before (pre-treatment), and at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 hours after extract administration. Blood samples were collected from the tail vein using a capillary tube on day 1 (pre-treatment), 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Samples were analysed for haematological parameters (Hb, PCV, RBC and WBC) using standard procedures. The data generated were statistically analyzed and results were presented as mean ± SD. The results revealed that the aqueous extract of Phyllanthus niruri had a dose-dependent effect on reducing blood glucose levels in healthy albino mice. The 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg doses caused significant reductions across time points, with the highest dose showing the most potent effect at 4 hours (113.4±29.51 from 144.2 ± 38.04) post extract administration. The data revealed that Phyllanthus niruri has a dose-dependent effect on blood glucose levels and Hb, PCV, RBC and WBC count of the albino mice, with higher doses leading to greater reductions, particularly after 4 weeks.
Albino mice; Aqueous extract; Blood glucose; Chanca Piedrai; Haematological parameters; Phyllanthus nirur
Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. EMMANUEL OLUWASEGUN ADAWAREN, Dr. NUBWA DANIEL, Dr. KEFAS DAVID MALGWI, Dr. MUSA ABBA SULEIMAN, Prof. NICHOLAS ADETAYO OJO
Knowledge and Causes of Post Traumatic Stress Disorders among Internally Displaced Persons at Saminaka Area, Gusau Zamfara State, Nigeria
Post-traumatic stress disorder is one of the psychological disorders which can be experienced following exposure to a traumatic or stressful event. It is characterized by symptoms of intrusion, avoidance, changes in mood and cognition, and hyper-arousal, all of which can last for more than a month after the traumatic event. The study aimed at assessing knowledge and causes of post-traumatic stress disorders among internally displaced persons at Saminaka area Gusau, Zamfara State. The study used descriptive cross-sectional design; the population comprises 95 internally displaced persons. Convenience non-probability sampling technique was adopted for this study to get the respondents required. The instrument used for the study is questionnaire. The data obtained were entered into (SPSS) Statistical Package for Social Sciences, (version 27) for analysis. Descriptive statistics tools of frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation were used for the analysis. The results shows that majority of the respondents have good knowledge on post-traumatic stress disorders, the respondents agreed with the statements as causes of post-traumatic stress disorders with a grand mean of 3.4. It was concluded that internally displaced persons have good knowledge on post traumatic stress disorders, causes, consequences and as well agreed with the coping strategies of post traumatic stress disorders. It was recommended that, Government should Increase Access to Mental Health Services, the Community should Foster Supportive Social Networks by Creating community support groups and networks to provide emotional support, solidarity, and a safe space for IDPs to share their experiences and coping strategies.
knowledge, causes, post-traumatic stress disorder, internally displaced person
Copyright (c) 2026 AMINU DAHIRU, Abdulhakim Muhammad Sani, Dr. Hadiza M. Sani, Dr. Sani M. Sani , Salamatu Hassan Idris
Schistosomiasis: The Detection of the Eggs of Schistosoma mansoni in Urine While Investigating Schistosoma haematobium Infection, Is Dutsin-Ma Local Government Area, Katsina State, a Hybrid Zone?
Schistosomiasis is an age-long neglected tropical disease of poverty, which ranks second to malaria in public health significance. Cases of schistosome hybridization are unknown in Dutsin-Ma Local Government Area. Therefore, this short communication was aimed at reporting the detection of S. mansoni egg morphotype in the study area. Terminal urine samples were centrifuged, microscopically examined, and schistosome eggs identified using standard protocols. The result showed an overall prevalence of 0.36% and a mean intensity of 0.04±1.03 eggs /10 ml of urine. The detection of S. mansoni eggs in the urine samples of study participants was an indication of a possible hybridization between S. mansoni and male S. haematobium worms. This underscores the need for molecular diagnostic tools for effective diagnosis in endemic resource-constrained settings.
Schistosomiasis, hybridization, Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State
Copyright (c) 2026 TOLULOPE EBENEZER ATALABI
Assessment of Environmental Sanitation Practice on Mosquito Control and Larvae Distribution in Dutse Local Government Area, Jigawa State, Nigeria
Mosquito is one of vector that transmits diseases that are major health burden in endemic countries and this requires several methods for control. Mosquito surveillance and community participation will help in controlling the mosquito proliferation. This study was conducted to determine Larvae abundance and assessed environmental sanitation in Dutse L.G.A. A cross-sectional study was conducted in three communities, Gurungu, Baranda and Warwade from April to October, 2022. Structured questionnaires were used to collect information from the respondents on participation on environmental sanitation and larvae were collected using dipping method, counted using formula. 28 (93.3%) were male and 2 (6.6%) were female. Majority of the respondents are in the age group 46 years above,17(56.6%), followed by age group 26-35 years 6 (56.6%) and the least are respondents in the age group 36-45 years 2(6.6%). Respondents with informal education level was significantly (P<0.05) highest, followed by respondents with Secondary educational level 6(20%). Only (26.8%) of the respondents were participating in environmental community sanitation. The larvae of Culex species was significantly (P<0.05) recorded highest in Gurungu (149) and Baranda (106) recorded the highest larvae of Anopheles species. The abundance of mosquito larva is not significant (P>0.05) with breeding sites. Temporary pools recorded the highest abundance of mosquito larvae (70.25%). Majority of the respondents are not participating in community sanitation, Culex larvae was recorded highest and temporary pool recorded the highest larvae.Fumigation in the identified breeding site is recommended this will help to control the population of the mosquitoes.
Anopheles; Culex; Larvae; Mosquito; Sanitation
Copyright (c) 2026 Abubakar Abubakar Sadiq, Kamoru Abdulazeez Adeniyi , Joshua Babalola Balogun, Ishaq Shamsu Ibrahim , Humaira Akilu Liman, Hamza Alhaji Abdullahi
Effect of Canola Oil Supplementation in Tris Extender on Short-Term Quality of Fresh Goat Semen at Room Temperature
The preservation of semen quality during storage is essential for the success of artificial insemination programs in small ruminants. Conventional semen extenders commonly utilize egg yolk as a protective component; however, variability in composition and the risk of microbial contamination have encouraged the search for plant-based alternatives. This study evaluated the effectiveness of canola oil supplementation in a Tris-based extender for maintaining the short-term quality of fresh Boer buck semen stored at room temperature. Semen was collected from four to six healthy adult Boer bucks using an artificial vagina and pooled to minimize individual variation. The pooled semen was diluted (1:9) with Tris–citric–fructose extenders containing either egg yolk (control) or different concentrations of canola oil: 2 ml (C1), 4 ml (C2), and 6 ml (C3). Diluted samples were stored at ≤20 °C and evaluated at 0, 1, and 2 hours for progressive sperm motility, viability, and morphology. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test. Storage time significantly reduced sperm quality parameters, whereas extender composition influenced the rate of decline. Significant differences among extenders were observed at 1 and 2 hours for motility (P = 0.049 and P = 0.008, respectively) and viability (P = 0.003). The C3 extender consistently maintained higher progressive motility (46.33 ± 4.72%) and viability (71.17 ± 0.23%) after 2 hours of storage compared with other treatments. Extenders containing canola oil also demonstrated relatively stable sperm morphology throughout storage. These findings indicate that canola oil, particularly at higher concentrations, can effectively support sperm.
Canola Oil; Goat Semen; Semen Extender; Semen Preservation; Sperm Motility; Sperm Viability
Copyright (c) 2026 M. F. I. Jainordin, Z. Abdul Kari, A. M. Wakil, R. I. A. Raja Khalif