Sahel Journal of Life Sciences FUDMA (SAJOLS) is an Open Access Journal hosted by the Faculty of Life Sciences, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Nigeria. Currently, it publishes peer-reviewed open access journals online and in print, covering a diverse range of academic disciplines within (but not limited to) Life Sciences and allied fields. By offering its publications in Open Access, SAJOLS seeks to provide for the global academic community and facilitates the advancement and application of science.
Faculty of Life Sciences, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria
Evaluation of Phytochemical Composition, Heavy Metal Profile, and Mosquitocidal Activity of Amanita virosa Lam Ethanolic Extract against Mosquito Vectors
This study evaluated the phytochemical composition, heavy metal profile, and mosquitocidal (ovicidal, larvicidal, and adulticidal) activities of Amanita virosa ethanolic extract against Anopheles, Culex,and Aedes aegypti. A. virosa fruiting bodies were collected, authenticated, and subjected to cold ethanol extraction. Phytochemical analysis confirmed presence of high total alkaloid content (150.17 ± 1.53 mg/g). GC-MS identified major compounds including fatty acid esters (linoleic acid ethyl ester, 19.78%; hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester, 8.79%), 9,12-octadecadienoyl chloride (17.13%), and β-hexachlorocyclohexane (1.36%). AAS revealed significant heavy metal accumulation, with Cadmium (0.87 mg/kg), Chromium (5.58 mg/kg), and Arsenic (4.29 mg/kg) exceeding FAO/WHO permissible limits. The extract demonstrated moderate ovicidal activity when analysed using probit analyses, with HI₅₀ values ranging from 89.57 ppm (Culex) to 96.44 ppm (Anopheles). Larvicidal activity was weak (LC₅₀ > 90 ppm; maximum mortality 7% at 40 ppm). Adult knockdown was slow (KDT₅₀: 186.3–252.9 minutes), with 24h post-exposure mortality reaching only 12% against Anopheles.
Adulticide; Alkaloids; Amanita virosa; GC-MS; Heavy metals; Larvicide; Mosquito control; Ovicide
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdullahi Mohammed Garkuwa, Aliyu M. Umar, James B. Orpin
Impact of Canopy Suppression on the Eco-Taxonomic Structure of Weed Communities Associated with Gliricidia sepium in a University Campus in Benin City, Nigeria
This study focuses on the use of Gliricidia sepium, where its canopy can suppress growth of weeds by preventing sun light. It seeks to understand how this affects weed diversity and composition for sustainability. The research aimed to investigate the impact of G. sepium on weed diversity in the built-up campus environment. Conservation sites and fields were surveyed, including the Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology Botanical Garden, Bursary field, and Life Science Complex field. The study compared weed species in shaded (undisturbed) and unshaded (disturbed) environments under G. sepium canopy, and in open environments around the institution. Results showed that Gliricidia sepium morphometrics varied significantly by light environment. Trees in open areas achieved a higher average height of 8.5m compared to 7.62m for shaded trees. Conversely, shaded individuals demonstrated superior development in other metrics: a mean bole volume of 0.132m3 (versus 0.093m3) and a substantially larger canopy area of 50.72m2 (versus 36.83m2). This lateral expansion suggests adaptation for light capture. In distal zones 10m away, the ecosystem shifts toward sun-adapted species like Paspalum dilatatum (147 individuals) and Asystasia gangentica, confirming that the absence of canopy suppression allows light-demanding taxa to thrive. The results provide insights into the ecological dynamics of urban ecosystems and the role of introduced tree species in shaping plant community structure. The findings contribute to sustainable campus management practices, urban planning, and biodiversity conservation in tropical regions, offering valuable implications for ecologists, urban planners, and environmental managers seeking to optimize ecological benefits of urban green spaces.
Allelopathy; Biodiversity conservation; Ecotaxonomy; Gliricidia sepium; Urban ecosystems; Weed diversity
Copyright (c) 2026 Gloria O. Omoregie, Amina A. Amedu, Esther Otoibhi, Godson A. Onophuri, Osazee E. Ohanmu, Emma Ossola, Beckley Ikhajiagbe
Evaluation of Albendazole and Ivermectin Against Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis among Primary School Children in Jalingo Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria
This study assessed soil-transmitted helminthiasis in relation to the socio-demographic, sanitation, and hygiene of primary school pupils in Jalingo LGA, Taraba State, Nigeria. A total of 395 stool samples were collected from the subjects. Stool samples were analyzed using the Kato-Katz technique. Chi-square (χ²) test was used to determine the association between the infection and the variables at p≤0.05. The infection was 19.7% (78). Knowledge on transmission pattern was significant with 19.4% (61) (χ2=9.44; p=0.03). Children who knew about helminths significantly were 21.5% (44) (χ2= 10.43; p=0.05). Those who were taught to wash hands, and used toilets in schools were 21.8% (68) (χ2= 10.50; p=0.05). Children who walked barefoot were 22.0% (34) (χ2= 9.28; p=0.02). Children pre-treated with Albendazole were 19.0%, and were at 2.0% at post-treatment, with a cure rate of 89.5%. With Ivermectin, the pre-treatment infection rate was 20.8%, and the post-treatment rate was 2.0%, with a cure rate of 90.2%. The mean egg count reduced from 5.94 eggs per gram (EPG) before treatment to 1.09 EPG after treatment with albendazole. It had an egg reduction rate (ERR) of 81.7%. Ivermectin reduced the mean egg count from 5.85 EPG at pre-treatment to 0.73 EPG at post-treatment, with an ERR of 87.0%. Soil-transmitted helminthiasis remains among pupils in Jalingo Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria. Albendazole had a good cure rate, as did Ivermectin, with better egg reduction rates. There is a necessity to use Ivermectin in control efforts against soil-transmitted helminthiasis in endemic areas.
Albendazole; Ivermectin; Jalingo; Primary School; Soil-transmitted helminthiasis; Taraba State
Copyright (c) 2026 S. B. Aigbogun , B. E. Wama, O. J. Agbo, B. T. Targema , R. S. Houmsou
Asymptomatic Malaria among Adolescents Attending Secondary Schools in Ardo-Kola and Jalingo Local Government Areas (LGAs), Taraba State, Nigeria
Malaria is one of the most important public health challenges in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to assess asymptomatic malaria in relation to the sociodemographic as well as the risk factors exposing the adolescents attending secondary schools in Ardo-Kola and Jalingo Local Government Areas, Taraba State, to malaria infection. A total of two hundred and eighty-six (286) samples were collected from adolescents attending secondary schools within the selected LGAs. Four schools were selected and equal samples were collected from each school to obtain the required sample size. All the samples were screened for malaria parasitaemia using microscopy and molecular techniques. The findings of this study revealed a prevalence of 13.9% (40/286) among the adolescents. In relation to age, infection was significantly higher, 22.7% (15/66), among those between 12-16 years old (χ² = 15.879, p = 0.053). Keeping of opened containers of water around the house significantly exposed the adolescents to malaria infection in Ardo-Kola and Jalingo Local Government Areas of Taraba state, Nigeria, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 5.09 (95% CI: 1.20-7.98, p=0.015). The findings indicate that despite ongoing malaria control efforts, silent transmission persists within the understudied age group, contributing to continuous malaria transmission in the urban and rural communities.
Adolescents; Ardo-Kola; Asymptomatic; Jalingo; Malaria; Secondary schools
Copyright (c) 2026 E. J. Nancy, B. E. Wamma, V. Y. Akwa, O. J. Agbo, B. T. Targema , R. S. Houmsou
Histopathological Alterations in Clarias gariepinus from Biu Dam, Borno State, Nigeria as Indicators of Aquatic Pollution
This study assessed heavy metal concentrations and associated histopathological alterations in Clarias gariepinus (African catfish) from Biu Dam, Borno State, Nigeria. Water and fish tissue samples were collected monthly from three sites (Main Dam Area, Dam Slope Area, and Gwalam Area) over six months (March–August 2024). Heavy metal concentrations (Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Lead) in water and fish tissues (gill, liver, kidney, heart) were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, while histopathological examination was conducted using standard light microscopy with Haematoxylin and Eosin staining. Results revealed alarmingly high metal concentrations in water, with Arsenic (0.31±0.02 mg/L) and Lead (0.13±0.02 mg/L) exceeding WHO/FAO permissible limits by 31-fold and 130-fold, respectively. Correspondingly, catfish tissues showed significant bioaccumulation, with the liver accumulating the highest Arsenic concentration (0.045±0.005 mg/kg) and the heart showing elevated Cadmium (0.038±0.005 mg/kg) and Lead (0.028±0.004 mg/kg). Histopathological examination revealed severe tissue alterations, including gill filament necrosis, extensive hepatocyte necrosis with vascular congestion, renal tubular necrosis, and cardiac inflammation. Seasonal analysis showed significantly higher Arsenic (p=0.024) during the wet season and higher Copper (p=0.014) during dry season. The study concludes that C. gariepinus from Biu Dam is exposed to hazardous levels of heavy metals, resulting in severe histopathological damage across vital organs, posing significant ecological and public health risks to dependent communities.
Bioaccumulation; Biu Dam; Clarias gariepinus; Heavy metals; Histopathology; Nigeria
Copyright (c) 2026 Dauda Haruna, Ijanu Emmanuel Madu, Joshua Babalola Balogun, Ibrahim Danazumi Abdul, Rabi’at Umar Babayaro, Isah Bashir Ibrahim
Assessment of Compost Stabilization during Short-Term Composting of Fruits and Vegetable Wastes under North-Eastern Nigeria Conditions
This study evaluated compost stabilization during short-term composting of fruit and vegetable wastes (FVW) under tropical conditions in North-East Nigeria. Temperature profiles followed a typical pattern, peaking at 52°C during the thermophilic phase (days 5–6) to ensure pathogen suppression, before stabilizing near ambient levels by day 31. Statistical analysis showed significant fluctuations (p < 0.05) in pH, while electrical conductivity (EC) at maturity (4.39 dS m⁻¹) remained within acceptable limits for soil application. Organic carbon and organic matter declined significantly (p < 0.05) from 18.03% and 31.10% to 9.83% and 16.93%, respectively, driven by microbial respiration. Nitrogen transformation shifted from initial ammonification (NH₄⁺–N: 38.03 mg kg⁻¹) to progressive nitrification, with NO₃⁻–N increasing from 74.03 mg kg⁻¹ to 142.43 mg kg⁻¹. This resulted in a low NH₄⁺/NO₃⁻ ratio, confirming maturity. Additionally, available phosphorus doubled, and exchangeable bases increased, resulting in a final effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) of 17.47 cmol⁺ kg⁻¹ and 98.47% base saturation. The results demonstrate that short-term composting effectively transforms raw FVW into a stable, nutrient-enriched organic amendment. With enhanced nutrient availability, high CEC, and proven sanitization, the final product is highly suitable for improving soil fertility and microbial activity in tropical agricultural systems where organic matter is a limiting factor.
Compost stabilization; Fruits and vegetable waste; Nitrogen transformation; North-Eastern Nigeria; Organic waste composting; Soil amendment; Waste management
Copyright (c) 2026 Aishatu Mala Musa, James Hamuel Doughari, Aishatu Haruna, Abubakar Musa Modibbo
Phytosociological, Soil Physicochemical, and Carbon Stock Assessment in Jibiro Grazing Reserve Girie Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria
This study assessed the phytosociological characteristics, soil physicochemical properties, and carbon stock of Jibiro Grazing Reserve. A systematic line transect design was used, consisting of two parallel transects (1500 m each) spaced 500 m apart. Along each transect, four 50 m × 50 m sample plots were established alternately at 100 m intervals, resulting in eight plots. All living trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥10 cm were identified and measured for DBH, basal diameter, and total height. Soil samples were collected from three points per plot at depths of 0–15, 16–30, 31–45, and 46–60 cm. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and Student’s t-test. A total of 12 tree species belonging to 7 families and 68 individuals were recorded, with a stand density of 34 trees ha⁻¹. Phyllanthaceae had the highest frequency, while Sapotaceae was least represented. Total basal area and tree volume were 0.22 m² ha⁻¹ and 1.63 m³ ha⁻¹, respectively. Diameter classes ranged from 0–50 cm, and height classes ranged from <11 m to 20 m. Estimated biomass, carbon stock, and CO₂ equivalents were 3.10 t ha⁻¹, 1.55 t ha⁻¹, and 5.68 kg, respectively. Soils were predominantly sandy loam to sandy clay loam, with high sand content (67.25%). Bulk density was lower than particle density, while porosity (39.10%) and water-holding capacity (13.00%) were low. The soil was slightly acidic (pH 7.14), with moderate organic matter and available phosphorus, and high base saturation (79.25%), indicating nutrient limitations affecting vegetation growth.
Biomass; Carbon stock; CO2; Phytosociological; Soil physicochemical
Copyright (c) 2026 M. R. Umar, V. A. J. Adekunle, M. B. Oyun
Evaluation of Fertility Status of Soils of Pella District, Hong Local Government Area Adamawa State, Nigeria, Using Parker’s Nutrient Index Method
The soil fertility status of the Pella District was assessed to determine some physical and chemical properties, where soil samples were taken from 11 units and subjected to standard laboratory procedures. Results showed that the soils were mostly sandy loam. Soil pH was slightly acidic to neutral, and electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon, available phosphorus and calcium consistently showed both low to medium values. Sodium (Na) showed medium to high values, Potassium (K) and molybdenum (Mo) had low, medium and high values. Total exchangeable bases (TEB) and Sulphur (S) showed medium values, while total exchangeable acidity (TEA) and Effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) were low. Nutrient Fertility index (NFI) of P, S and Mo indicates medium as per phosphorus (P) and molybdenum (Mo) with values of (1.9) and (1.9) respectively, while Sulphur (S) showed a low value of (1.0). The soil's fertility status of the study area was generally low with S as one of the limiting nutrients; therefore, site- specific soil management, including Sulphur fertilization, is recommended. Over-application of nitrogen, especially nitrate-based fertilizer, should be avoided.
Pella, Fertility Index, Phosphorus,Sulphur, Molybdenum
Copyright (c) 2026 Mohammed Musa Maunde, Saddiq Muhammad Abdullahi , Ibrahim Alhassan, A. M. Tahir, Ibrahim Abubakar, Nkereuwem E. Mike
Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Commercial Probiotics and Vitamin C on Growth Performance, Nutrient Utilization and Haematological Profile of Clarias gariepinus Fingerlings
This study evaluated the effects of dietary inclusion of commercial probiotics (Aqua Pro) and Vitamin C on growth performance, nutrient utilisation, and haematological profile of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. A total of 120 fingerlings were randomly distributed into four treatment groups (T0 – T3) with varying inclusion levels (0,1,2, and 3g/kg) of probiotics and Vitamin C over an 18-week feeding trial. Fish were fed a 45% crude protein diet, and growth indices, feed utilisation parameters and haematological variables were assessed. Results showed significant improvement (p 0.005) in final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio with increasing supplementation levels, with the best performance recorded in T3. Feed conversion ratio decreased significantly, indicating enhanced feed efficiency. Survival rate improved from 80% in the control to 93.3% in the highest inclusion group. Haematological parameters (RBC, WBC, PVC, and haemoglobin) were significantly enhanced in supplemental groups, reflecting improved physiological and immune status. Water quality parameters remained within acceptable limits and were not significantly affected by dietary treatments. The study concludes that combined dietary supplementation of probiotics and Vitamin C, particularly at 2 – 3g/kg, enhanced growth performance, nutrient utilisation, and health status of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings.
Aqua Pro; Clarias gariepinus; Growth performance; Nutrient utilization; Haematology; Probiotics; Vitamin C
Copyright (c) 2026 B. Abubakar, J. Umaru, s. Mustapha
β-Aminobutyric Acid (BABA) Priming Enhances Yield Formation, Grain Filling, and Quality of Water-Stressed Ofada Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Drought stress remains a major constraint to rice production, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where locally adapted varieties such as Ofada are highly susceptible to water deficits. This study investigated the potential of β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) as a priming agent to enhance drought tolerance, yield performance and grain quality in Ofada rice. Field experiment was setup in a split-plot complete randomized block design with drought imposed at vegetative, flowering and grain-filling stages under varying BABA treatments. Drought stress significantly reduced yield components, economic yield, and grain quality with the most pronounced effects observed at the flowering stage, confirming its critical sensitivity to water deficit. BABA application markedly improved percentage grain filling, panicle weight, grain weight per plant, and harvest index across stress conditions. These improvements were primarily driven by enhanced assimilate partitioning and sink strength rather than increase in total biomass. In addition, BABA treatment improved grain nutritional quality, as evidenced by increased carbohydrate, ash, and crude fat contents, indicating more efficient nutrient remobilization during grain development. The absence of consistent differences among BABA concentrations suggests the existence of a priming threshold, where low to moderate doses are sufficient to induce maximal physiological responses. Mechanistically, BABA-mediated improvements are associated with enhanced antioxidant capacity, modulation of abscisic acid-dependent signalling pathways, and optimized carbon and nitrogen metabolism. conclusively, the findings demonstrate that BABA-induced priming represents a viable, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable strategy for enhancing drought resilience, stabilizing yield, and improving grain quality in Ofada rice, with important implications for climate-resilient rice production systems.
Ofada rice, β-aminobutyric acid, yield components, grain quality and water deficit stress
Copyright (c) 2026 AbdulAziz Ayinla, Umar Bolaji Olayinka, Emmanuel O Etejere
Assessment of Morphometric and Meristic Characterization of Silver Catfish (Bagrus bayad) from Northeast Nigeria
Morpho-meristic analysis in fish provide crucial information on species differentiation, population structure and evolution. This research was carried out to study the morphological characteristics of Bagrus bayad, from three locations in the North-east Nigeria, using morphometric measurements and meristic counts. A total number of ninety (90) freshly caught samples of B. bayad were randomly selected and bought from commercial fishermen at the landing sites (Njoboliyo Reservoir, Lau Reservoir and Dadin Kowa Dam) between June and August, 2024. The results revealed that all the morphometric characters of B. bayad from the three locations varied, whereas some meristic counts including mean number of rays on pectoral fin (9.07±0.94, 8.83±, 9.07±0.94), anal fin ray (11.53±1.11, 11.08±0.77, 11.53±1.11), caudal fin ray (19.63±0.33, 19.77±0.30, 19.58±0.23) and pelvic fin ray 1 (6.00±0.00,6.00±0.00, 6.00±0.00) and pelvic ray count 2 (6.00±0.00, 6.00±0.00, 6.00±0.00) respectively were constant. The principal component analysis revealed LAU reservoir had the highest average body weight (789.54g) in comparison to the other locations. The study highlights significant morphological characters and principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed that weight and length are the primary distinguishing factors among population.
Bagrus bayad; Conservation; Fish Biology; Meristic; Morphometric; Reservoir
Copyright (c) 2026 Raymond Elisha Nyaku , Tahir Hassan Garba, Abubakar Sadiq Bello, Sadiya Muhammad Yahaya , Zaharadeen Mohammed, Usman Nuhu Haruna , Nuratu Mohammed
Evaluation of Synergistic Anti-plasmodial Activity of Tamarindus indica and Hibiscus sabdariffa Extracts Against Clinical Isolates of Plasmodium falciparum: In-Vitro and Ex-Vivo protocols
Malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum remains a major global health burden and serious health challenge, exacerbated by increasing resistance to conventional antimalarial drugs. This study evaluated the in vitro and ex vivo anti-plasmodial activity of Tamarindus indica (Tamarind) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (Zobo) extracts, individually and in combination, against clinical isolates of P. falciparum. Aqueous extracts were prepared and screened for phytochemical constituents, followed by dose-dependent schizont maturation assays and growth kinetic analyses. Results demonstrated that phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins, which likely contribute to the observed bioactivity. While T. indica exhibited potent anti-plasmodial activity with an IC50 of 3.8 ± 0.96 µg/mL, approaching that of quinine (2.5 ± 0.74 µg/mL), while H. sabdariffa showed moderate activity (IC50 = 13.5 ± 0.99 µg/mL). The combined extract improved efficacy relative to H. sabdariffa alone (IC50 = 5.2 ± 0.99 µg/mL), but combination index analysis (CI = 1.61) revealed an antagonistic interaction. Growth kinetic studies indicated that untreated parasites exhibited a typical exponential replication with a doubling time of 17.5 hours, whereas extract-treated cultures showed prolonged lag phases, suppressed exponential growth, and early transition to decline phases. Notably, H. sabdariffa alone demonstrated a paradoxical increase in parasite viability at higher concentrations, suggesting potential metabolic or protective effects on parasite survival. However, T. indica demonstrates strong antimalarial potential, while the combination with H. sabdariffa does not confer synergistic benefit. These findings highlight the importance of rigorous interaction studies in plant-based combination therapies for malaria.
Anti-plasmodial activity; Ex-vivo Assay; Hibiscus sabdariffa; In-Vitro; Plasmodium falciparum; Synergy; Tamarindus indica
Copyright (c) 2026 Baba Gabi, Maryam A. Yakassai, Fatima Abubakar
Preliminary Screening of Pyrene-Degrading Bacteria from the Semi-Anoxic Bovine Gut
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental contaminants whose remediation remains a global challenge in oxygen-limited and resource-constrained environments. While microbial degradation of PAHs has been studied in soils and aquatic systems, the gastrointestinal microbiota of ruminants remains largely unexplored as a potential reservoir of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria. This study evaluates the PAH-degrading potential of bacterial isolates from the semi-anoxic intestinal lining of cows inhabiting crude oil-impacted environments. Samples were aseptically collected from the intestinal gut lining of Bos tarus at the point of slaughter and cultured with a Pyrene-supplemented Bushnell Haas medium. A total of sixteen distinct bacterial isolates were obtained and characterized using morphological and biochemical techniques. Their capacity to metabolize pyrene, a model high-molecular-weight PAH, was assessed using a 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol (DCPIP) redox assay in combination with growth kinetics monitoring (OD₆₀₀nm). Approximately 70% of the isolates demonstrated DCPIP reduction, indicating active redox metabolism associated with hydrocarbon utilization. Notably, Citrobacter freundii and Pseudomonas alcaligenes exhibited pronounced and sustained DCPIP reduction alongside measurable shifts in growth dynamics, suggesting enhanced metabolic adaptation to pyrene. The applied methods provide preliminary evidence of PAH-associated metabolic activity; the observed diversity among isolates highlights the functional versatility of gut-associated microbiota under semi-anoxic conditions. These findings position the ruminant intestinal microbiome as an underutilized source of bacteria with potential relevance for bioremediation in oxygen-limited environments and present a low-cost screening framework suitable for resource-limited laboratories and provide a foundation for further investigations involving molecular identification, enzymatic pathway analysis, and analytical validation of hydrocarbon degradation.
PAH biodegradation; Pyrene; DCPIP assay; Ruminant microbiome; Semi-anoxic environment; Bioremediation
Copyright (c) 2026 Voke Owarieta Urhibo, Cyprian E. Oshoma
Prevalence of Haemozoin among Patients with Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Some Selected Hospitals in Bakori and Funtua, Katsina State, Nigeria
In malaria diagnosis and accurate assessment is critical to clinical management. Intraleukocytic malaria pigment characteristics were explored as it relates to severe falciparum malaria. This study evaluates the prevalence of haemozoin among patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria in some selected hospitals in Bakori and Funtua, Katsina state, Nigeria. Intraleukocytic malaria pigment (hemozoin) was detected on thin films by counting 500 leukocytes and determining the proportions of haemozoin-containing neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes. A total of 392 blood samples were stained and examined under the light microscope using a 100x objective lens. Immunochromatography tests based on the capture of the parasite antigen from the peripheral blood using monoclonal anti-HRP-II antibodies were used for detecting Plasmodium falciparum antigens, as well as the presence and quantity of the malaria pigment in leukocytes in smears. The findings of this study recorded the highest number of intraleukocytic malaria pigment within the age group 2-10years, with 40.8% prevalence rate collectively, and the prevalence of haemozoin related to sex, the females had a higher prevalence compared to males. This could be due to a combination of biological factors, social inequalities and challenges in accessing preventive care.
Hemozoin; Immunochromatography; Intraleukocytic; Leukocytes; Neutrophis
Copyright (c) 2026 A. M. Umar, M. Sani, E. J. Joshua
Microbial Safety and Physicochemical Integrity of Houseboat Water in a Petroleum-Impacted Creek System of the Niger Delta
Potable water is a deceptively fragile part of public health, especially around aquatic environments that have been contaminated but remain clear hiding chemical and microbial dangers. This study evaluated the physicochemical integrity and microbiological safety of potable water stored aboard houseboats operating within the Jones Creek petroleum corridor of the Niger Delta over a three-month sampling period. A cross-sectional design was adopted, and triplicate samples were collected from multiple operational locations, including Amalgamated Marine and Technical Services Limited (AMAT), Nigerian Exploration and Production Limited (NEPL), and a treated reference source (Well Workover Node). Physicochemical parameters were determined using standard methods, while microbial quality was evaluated using membrane filtration, biochemical identification, and phenotypic virulence screening. Results showed that measured parameters were within recommended limits; however, bacterial isolates with detectable virulence traits were present, indicating Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. Virulence screening demonstrated haemolytic activity in 40% of isolates and lipase expression in 60%, suggesting heterogeneous but tangible pathogenic potential. The contrast between chemical compliance and detectable virulence traits indicates that physicochemical conformity does not equate to microbiological security. These findings demonstrate that physicochemical compliance does not guarantee microbiological safety, highlighting the need for integrated water quality monitoring in petroleum-influenced aquatic systems.
Bacterial isolates; Houseboat water; Physicochemical quality; Virulence factors; Water safety
Copyright (c) 2026 A. O. Ogunkeyede, V. O. Urhibo, F. B. Okorhi-Damisa
Effects of Soil Organic Matter Fractions on Some Selected Physical and Chemical Properties of Forest Soils in Gashaka Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria
Soil organic matter fractions provide important insights into the mechanisms regulating soil carbon stabilization and nutrient dynamics in tropical ecosystems. This study investigated the distribution of soil organic carbon fractions and their relationships with selected soil physical and chemical properties in forest soils of Gashaka Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from twenty-five auger sampling points at two depths (0–20 cm and 20–50 cm) using a systematic sampling approach within a 100-hectare forestland. A total of fifty soil samples were analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), mineral-associated organic carbon (MOC), and selected soil physical & chemical properties using standard laboratory procedures. The results revealed clear vertical stratification of soil organic carbon fractions, with higher concentrations observed in the surface soil depth. Total organic carbon declined from 1.62% in the 0–20 cm depth to 1.21% in the 20–50 cm depth, while particulate organic carbon decreased from 0.46% to 0.38% with increasing soil depth. Mineral-associated organic carbon constituted the dominant carbon pool, accounting for approximately 71–73% of total organic carbon. The reduction in soil organic carbon fractions with depth corresponded with increases in bulk density and reductions in soil porosity, water holding capacity, and nutrient status. Surface soils with higher organic carbon concentrations also recorded greater total nitrogen and cation exchange capacity. The findings highlight the importance of vegetation-derived organic inputs and organo-mineral interactions in regulating carbon stabilization and sustaining soil productivity in tropical savanna ecosystems.
Carbon stabilization; Gashaka Nigeria; Mineral-associated organic carbon; Particulate organic carbon; Soil organic carbon fractions; Soil physicochemical properties; Tropical savanna soils
Copyright (c) 2025 S. A. Musa, M. A., R. I. Solomon, A. M. Saddiq
Effect of Aqueous Extract of Tapinanthus brunneus leaves on diet-induced Hypercholesterolemia in Rats
Abstract Background: Hypercholesterolemia is a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases and is closely associated with oxidative stress. Plant-derived bioactive compounds have shown promise in modulating lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense systems. Objective: This study evaluated the hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of aqueous leaf extract of Tapinanthus brunneus in hypercholesterolemic rats. Methods: Twenty albino rats were divided into four groups (n = 5): a normal control (standard diet), a high-fat diet (HFD) control, and two treatment groups administered T. brunneus extract (5 and 10 mg/kg body weight) orally for 28 days. Serum lipid parameters and hepatic antioxidant enzymes—superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)—were assessed. Results: Treatment with T. brunneus significantly (p < 0.05) reduced serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides, while elevating HDL-cholesterol compared with HFD controls. Additionally, extract administration significantly enhanced hepatic SOD and CAT activities, indicating improved antioxidant status. Conclusion: Aqueous leaf extract of Tapinanthus brunneus exhibits significant hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities, suggesting its potential as a complementary therapeutic agent in the management of hypercholesterolemia and associated cardiovascular disorders.
Tapinanthus brunneus; hypercholesterolemia; lipid profile; antioxidant enzymes; SOD; catalase; cardiovascular disease
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdul-Azeez Balogun, Kazeem O Adisa, Amina Pama, Abdulquadri F. Olutoye, Al-Ameen Arole
Isolation and Identification of Dermatophytes Associated with Barbing Instruments in Ungogo Local Government Area, Kano State
Dermatophytosis is a common superficial infection that affects people irrespective of regional differences all over the world. The aim of this research was to isolate and identify dermatophytes associated with barbing instruments in Ungogo Local Government Area of Kano State. In the methodology, swabs and scrapings associated with barbing saloons were collected as samples. Direct microscopy was done using 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) and the samples were also cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) for the isolation of the associated dermatophyte species. The result revealed an overall occurance of 53(13.8%) positivity rate with four different dermatophytic species (with Trichophyton rumbrum (41.5%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (24.5%), Microsporum canis (17.0%), and Microsporum tonsurans (17.0) identified. The result also indicated that hair combs (66.0%) were more contaminated with damertophytes than clippers which had (34.0%). Contamination of instrument per species showed that T. rubrum had more occurrence on hair comb (63.7%) than clippers (36.4%); T. mentagrophyte also occurred more on hair comb (67%) than on clippers (33.3%). Similarly with T. tonsurans and M. canis were more isolated from hair comb than clippers. Dermatophytosis can easily be spread between individuals in barbing saloons, via the barbing instruments; Trichophytons and Microsporum species are of particular concern in the study area.
Barbing instruments; Dermatophytosis; Dermatophytes; Isolation and identification; Public Health
Antimicrobial Potential of Endophytic Fungi from Capsicum annuum and Vigna Unguiculata Against Xanthomonas campestris and Fusarium oxysporum
This study investigated the isolation and characterization of endophytic fungi from Capsicum annuum and Vigna unguiculata, and evaluated their biocontrol potential against Xanthomonas campestris and Fusarium oxysporum. Endophytes were isolated from surface-sterilized plant tissues collected in Katsina State, Nigeria. Four fungi Alternaria sp., Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp., and Rhizopus stolonifer—were identified based on morphological characteristics. Antimicrobial activity of fungal culture filtrates was assessed in vitro using the agar well diffusion method at concentrations ranging from 25 to 100 µg/mL. Secondary metabolites of active isolates were analyzed using Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Results showed a dose-dependent inhibition by Penicillium sp. and A. niger, while Alternaria sp. and R. stolonifer exhibited no activity. Penicillium sp. demonstrated the highest efficacy, with inhibition zones of 24.5 ± 2.2 mm against X. campestris and 16.6 ± 0.3 mm against F. oxysporum at 100 µg/mL. Aspergillus niger showed moderate inhibition with zones of 17.1 ± 1.5 mm and 11.3 ± 0.22 mm, respectively. LC-MS profiling revealed the production of penicillin G and griseofulvin by Penicillium sp., and 2-phenylethanol by A. niger. However, both fungi also produced mycotoxins such as ochratoxin A, patulin, and gliotoxin. The study highlights the strong biocontrol potential of Penicillium sp. and A. niger, alongside significant biosafety concerns, emphasizing the need for non-toxigenic strains for sustainable agricultural application in Nigeria.
Antimicrobial Activity; Biocontrol; Endophytic Fungi; Mycotoxins; Secondary Metabolites
Copyright (c) 2026 G. Auwal, A. A. Bem, K. A. Bashir
Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Mixed Ligand Metal (II) Complexes Derived from 2,2- Bipyridine and Oxalic Acid
The synthesis of the metal (II) mixed ligand complexes of Mn, Co, Ni and Cu was carried out successfully by the reaction of the metal (II) chloride with the ligands 2,2-bipyridine and oxalic acid and characterized on the bases of solubility, decomposition temperatures, FTIR, UV-visible data, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility, and elemental analysis. The analyses revealed that the metal complexes were soluble in DMSO, DMF and insoluble in certain organic solvents. It was discovered that the decomposition temperatures ranged from 243 - ˃300oC. The high decomposition temperature shows that the complexes are stable in nature. The IR data show that the mixed ligands were coordinated to each of the metal (II) ions. The non-electrolytic nature of all the complexes is indicated by their low molar conductance values (4.72-29.77 ohm-1 cm2 mol-1). Magnetic moment values (1.780-5.1085BM) of the complexes showed that all are paramagnetic in nature. The elemental analysis results of the ligands and the metal (II) complexes shows that the calculated percentages of C, H and N in the compounds and the experimental values(found) were in good agreement. This agrees with the proposed structures of the complexes. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the ligands and metal (II) were carried out. The metal complexes exhibit moderate antibacterial and antifungal activities compared to the free ligands. Generally, the activity increases with increase in concentrations. But their activities are lower than that of the controls.
2,2- Bipyridine; Antimicrobial; Characterization; Ligand metal (II); Oxalic acid; Synthesis
Copyright (c) 2026 Sumayya Rabiu Muhammad, Auwa Sulaiman, Muhammad Musa Ahmad, Nasir Adamu
Bioactive Constituents and Inhibitory Effects of Methanolic Extract of Acacia nilotica against Plasmodium Trophozoites and Schizonts
Acacia nilotica is traditionally used for various ailments, though its anti-malarial properties require scientific validation. This study investigated the phytochemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and antiplasmodial activity of its 50% methanolic seed extract. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses were conducted using standard protocols. Antioxidant activity was evaluated via ABTS and DPPH assays, while anti-malarial efficacy was assessed in vitro against Plasmodium parasites. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of anthraquinones, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids. Quantitative analysis showed high concentrations of saponins (77.07%), flavonoids (62.12%), and alkaloids (15.2%). The extract demonstrated moderate antioxidant activity, with ABTS inhibition ranging from 49.5% to 15.5% across concentrations. Anti-malarial assessment revealed dose-dependent schizont inhibition, achieving 63.63% at 100 µg/mL, comparable to artemether (88.10% viability at same concentration). Acacia nilotica seed extract is rich in bioactive compounds, particularly saponins and flavonoids, with significant anti-malarial potential through schizont inhibition. These findings support its ethnomedicinal use and warrant further investigation for novel anti-malarial lead compounds.
Acacia nilotica; Antioxidant activity; Antiplasmodial activity; Phytochemical; Plasmodium Trophozoites; Schizonts
Copyright (c) 2026 F. Abubakar, S. S. Sulaiman, S. Abdulsalam, B. N. Lawal
Effect of Solanum lycopersicum Supplementation on Lipid Profile and Atherogenic Indices in Wistar Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet
This study evaluated the potential of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) powder supplementation in preventing high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic, hepatic, and renal complications. Diets rich in fat, often associated with increased consumption of junk food, are prevalent and contribute to oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Nutraceuticals with antioxidant properties have been proposed as accessible and cost-effective strategies for mitigating such effects. Twenty-eight Wistar rats were assigned to four dietary groups: standard diet, HFD, HFD supplemented with 3.5% tomato powder, and standard diet supplemented with 3.5% tomato powder. Growth parameters, glycemic control, lipid profile, and markers of liver and kidney function were assessed using blood glucose monitoring, lipid profiling, and enzymatic assays. Results showed that rats fed tomato-supplemented HFD had higher feed intake and weight gain compared to the unsupplemented HFD group. Serum lipid analysis revealed increased cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoprotein levels in the supplemented groups. Liver enzyme activities (AST and ALT) were significantly elevated in the supplemented standard diet group, indicating possible hepatic stress. Renal function markers, including urea and creatinine, also showed significant alterations, suggesting potential kidney involvement. Atherogenic indices, including Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), Cardiac Risk Index I (CRI-I), and Cardiac Risk Index II (CRI-II), were evaluated. Although tomato supplementation did not cause a severe electrolyte imbalance, findings indicate limited benefits in weight control and lipid regulation, with possible adverse effects on liver and kidney function. These results highlight the need for further investigation before recommending tomato powder supplementation in high-fat diets.
Cardiovascular risk; Dyslipidemia; Hepatoprotection; Metabolic health; Renoprotection; Tomato supplementation
Copyright (c) 2026 S. Idoko, S. O. Otokpa
Survey on Infestation and Damage of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Some Maize Fields in Kano, Nigeria
Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm), an invasive pest native to the Americas, was first reported in Africa in 2016 and has since spread to over 44 countries across the continent. To confirm its presence and assess infestation levels and damage severity in Kano State, Nigeria, a field survey was conducted in selected Local Government Areas during both the dry and rainy seasons. The survey covered maize farms in Kura, Gwarzo, Tofa and Minjibir, using a random sampling method. Results indicated higher infestation and damage severity during the dry season, with the highest infestation rate recorded in Gwarzo (96%), and followed by Kura (89%). The damage severity was highest in Kura (8.0), followed by Gwarzo (6.8) on a 9.0 scale. In the rainy season, the highest infestation and damage severity were observed in Minjibir (75%, 5.35) and Gwarzo (51%, 4.25) respectively. These findings confirm the widespread presence and significant impact of Spodoptera frugiperda in the study area. Regular surveillance, monitoring and the implementation of integrated pest management strategies are recommended to mitigate the pest`s adverse effect on maize production. The results may also inform policy decisions regarding Spodoptera frugiperda management in Kano State.
Crop damage; Fall armyworm; Infestation; Maize; Survey
Copyright (c) 2026 I. M. Bello, A. M. Shuaibu, H. I. Ashir, B. M. Jahun, M. O. Adebola
Prevalence of Gastro-Intestinal Parasites among Goats in Island of Naifaru, Maldives
Gastrointestinal parasitism remains an important constraint to small ruminant productivity; however, data on parasite occurrence in goats in the Maldives are lacking. This study investigated the prevalence of endoparasites in goats reared in Naifaru, Maldives, using standard parasitological techniques. A total of 32 faecal samples were collected from goats across six farms and examined for endoparasites employing direct faecal smear, simple faecal flotation, and sedimentation methods. The use of multiple diagnostic approaches improved detection sensitivity for both protozoan and helminth infections. Data obtained were analyzed descriptively to determine parasite occurrence and overall prevalence. The results indicated the presence of Eimeria spp. as the only detected endoparasite, while no helminth eggs or larvae were observed across all samples examined. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal endoparasites was low, with infections limited to intracellular protozoan parasites. The absence of helminth infections suggests either minimal exposure to infective stages or effective natural or management-related control within the study area. In conclusion, this study provides baseline data on gastrointestinal parasites in goats in Naifaru, Maldives, revealing a low prevalence of endoparasitic infections and no detectable helminthiasis. These findings highlight the need for continued surveillance and the implementation of appropriate management strategies to prevent potential parasite outbreaks and sustain goat productivity in the region.
Endoparasites; Goats; Maldives; Prevalence; Public Health
Copyright (c) 2026 Hussain Misfah Saamee, Abubakar Muhammad Waki, Mohammed Kyari Zango, Tan Li Peng
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Candida albicans Infection among Women of Childbearing Age Attending Ministry of Defence Headquarters Clinic, Garki, Abuja
Candida albicans is the primary pathogen responsible for vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), a common infection affecting women. This study evaluated the prevalence and risk factors among women of childbearing age attending the Ministry of Defence Headquarters Clinic in Garki. A cross-sectional study was employed to screen 250 women, with participants randomly selected. Well-structured questionnaires were administered to collect socio-demographic, behavioural, and health-related data. Then, high vaginal swabs (HVS) were collected aseptically and identified using standard morphological and microscopic analysis. The results show that a notable number of participants were exposed to C. albicans, with an overall prevalence of 4% and risk factors included vaginal douches (54.4%), high sugar diet (53.6%), smoking (50%), and regular use of tight clothing (45.6%). Many of these participants also reported a previous diagnosis of candidiasis and existing ill health conditions. The infection occurred highest among women with formal education (26.7%), widows (11.8%), students (7.0%), and pregnant women in their third trimester (50%). Notable symptoms revealed by previous medical records included additional diagnoses such as vaginal yeast infection (62%), diabetes (5%), and fibroid (2%). While this study highlighted a low prevalence, there is a need for routine screening and continuous health education to help mitigate the spread of this infection.
Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Prevalence; Risk factors; Vulvovaginal candidiasis; Women
Copyright (c) 2026 Adebimpe D. Babalola, K. B. Dikwa, B. C. Onusiriuka, Y. Rabe
The Role of Wetlands in Climate Regulation in Daura Local Government Area, Katsina State, Nigeria
This study observed the ecological condition, land use practices, and environmental pressures affecting selected wetland ecosystems in Kwarin Sarki, Unguwar Gabasawa, and Kwarin Lugga. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select 30 respondents (10 per site), comprising farmers, herders, traditional leaders, government officials, and local community members with knowledge of wetland utilization. Primary data were obtained through structured interviews, field observations, GPS, and soil sampling for organic matter (OM%) analysis. Findings reveal strong livelihood dependence on wetland resources, with farmers (46.7%) and herders (26.7%) forming the majority of respondents. Educational attainment was generally low, suggesting reliance on traditional ecological knowledge in resource management. Biophysical assessment showed clear spatial variation in vegetation condition and soil organic matter. Kwarin Lugga recorded the highest OM% (2.276) and relatively intact riparian vegetation, indicating better ecological stability. Kwarin Sarki exhibited moderate ecosystem resilience (OM% = 2.034), while Unguwar Gabasawa recorded the lowest OM% (1.369), reflecting significant degradation associated with flooding, deforestation, and settlement expansion. Natural stressors such as drought (83%), irregular rainfall (67%), and soil erosion (60%) further compound anthropogenic pressures across the sites. All the study site are good environment for animal grazing and fishing if the ecological strategic planning is going to be fully maintain.
Anthropogenic Pressure; Climate Change; Ecological control; Soil Organic Matter; Sustainability; Wetland
Copyright (c) 2026 Haruna Hassan, Muhammad Haruna Musa, Aisha Rabiu Wada, Mohammed Yusuf Mawashi
Pattern of Morbidity and Outcome of Hospitalized Children: A retrospective Study in Goldfish Sea Hospital Kano, Nigeria
Under-five mortality is still very high in the African sub-region. In Nigeria alone, more than 2300 children aged less than 5years die every day. Nigeria is the second largest contributor to global under-five mortalities. More than 60% of the medical conditions in Nigeria are attended to in private hospitals. This study aimed to document the morbidity pattern and outcomes of admissions among children admitted into a private hospital in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted over three years period. The study population includes all children aged 0 to 15years that were admitted into the paediatric wards of the hospital in Kano, Nigeria. The age, gender, diagnoses and disease outcome of the patients were retrieved from the hospital medical records. Data analysis was done using SPSS Version 25. There were 1966 paediatric cases admitted over the study period. Males were 1110 (56.5%) and females were 856 (43.5%), with a male-to-female ratio of 1.3 :1. Over 90% of the children were less than 5years. Birth asphyxia (21.9%), Malaria (15.3%), Neonatal jaundice (14.7%), Acute diarrheal disease (9.5%), and pneumonia (9.4%) were the leading causes of admission. The patients who died during admission constituted 2.3% of the total admitted patients, with 66.9% of these deaths occurring in children under five years of age.
Admissions; Kano; Nigeria; Pattern; Paediatrics
Copyright (c) 2026 Aishatu Yahya Muhammad, Abdurraman Bin Usman, Sakina Yahya
Effect of Sex and Season on the Prevalence of Helminthic Parasites of Bagrus bayad in Sabke Dam, Katsina State, Nigeria
Fish parasites and diseases remain some of the most important area of research to fishery biologist. Fish may serve as intermediate or definitive hosts of parasites that are of economic importance to man and other animals. This research aimed to investigate the seasonal variations on the prevalence of parasites in Bagrus (Bagrus bayad) in Sabke Dam. One hundred and twenty (120) fish samples were collected, rinsed for ectoparasite. Specimens were dissected and organs were bathed in saline solution for parasite recovery and identification. The result shows that in Bagrus bayad the intestine had the highest occurrence of parasites of 24 (20.00%) followed by the stomach 22 (18.33%) respectively. Helminthic parasites recovered were Trematodes (Neascus sp), Cestodes (B. aegyptiacus, P. clarias and P. glanduliger), Nematodes (Contracaecum sp and P. laevionchus), and Acanthocephalan (N. rutuli) The result showed that the prevalence of infection increased with increase in the hosts size (length and weight), and infection was highest in the dry season. Therefore, follow up surveys on the life cycle of the major parasites should be done at certain intervals in order to identify any change in the trends of possible fish parasites that could affect the fish populations.
Bagrus; Fish; Helminthic; Parasite; Prevalence; Sabke Dam; Season
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Musa Ahmad, Zulkifilu Sani, Abdulhamid Ahmed, Taufik Babatunde Ademoula, Bababngida Abdulkarim, Abubakar Sani, Aisha Rabiu Wada
Occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus and their Resistant Strains in Raw Meat sold at a Metropolitan Abattoir in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
Staphylococcus aureus is a major foodborne pathogen associated with raw meat contamination and an emerging public health concern due to increasing antimicrobial resistance. This study assessed the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw meat sold at a metropolitan abattoir in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. A total of 80 raw meat samples, comprising beef, chevon, and mutton, were analyzed using standard microbiological methods. Isolation was carried out using Mannitol Salt Agar and confirmed by biochemical tests, while antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Out of the samples analyzed, 26 (32.5%) were positive for Staphylococcus aureus. Beef recorded the highest prevalence (40%), followed by chevron (32%) and mutton (24%), with no significant association between animal species and contamination (p > 0.05). The isolates showed high resistance to oxacillin (46.2%), erythromycin (42.3%), and penicillin (38.5%), while all the isolates were susceptible to vancomycin (100%). The presence of antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in raw meat highlights a potential route for transmission of resistant pathogens to humans through the food chain.
Abattoir; Antimicrobial resistance; Food safety; Raw meat; Staphylococcus aureus
Copyright (c) 2026 Abdulrahman Idris Adamu, Adamu Saleh Saidu, Abdulrahman Mohammed , Muhammad Mamman Gashua, Elisha Ibrahim, Abubakar Malgwi Haruna
Neuroprotective Effects of Sesame Oil on Depressive-Like Behaviours in Mice Subjected to Open-Space Forced Swim Test
Depression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of sesame oil on depressive-like behaviours in mice subjected to the open-space forced swim test (OSFST). This study was carried out using thirty (30) adult mice; the animals were randomly divided into six (6) groups of five (5) animals each. Group I received normal saline (10 ml/kg) only, group II received normal saline (10 ml/kg) + OSFST, group III, IV and V were subjected to OSFST and received Sesame oil (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg), respectively and group VI received Fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) + OSFST. All administrations were carried out through the oral route and lasted for twenty-one days. Neurobehavioural assessments were carried out at the end of the twenty-one days of the experiment. Brain tissues were collected for neurochemical determination of serotonin levels. The results showed that administration of sesame oil (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) decreased immobility time (behavioural despair) and increased sucrose index (an indicator of anhedonia). Administration of Sesame oil (SO) improved cognitive performance compared to the normal saline (10 ml/kg) + OSFST group. Sesame oil 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) increased serotonin level when compared to the normal saline (10 ml/kg) + OSFST group. These findings suggest that SO may be beneficial in attenuating OSFST-induced depression and cognitive dysfunction mediated via modulation of serotonin.
Antidepressant-like effects; Behavioural despair; Depression; Open-space forced swim test (OSFST); Sesame oil
Copyright (c) 2026 Comfort Enesi, Yusuf Yusha'u, Abdul Wahab Alhassan, Ahmed Sherif Isa, Nachamada Solomon Emmanuel