Sahel Journal of Life Sciences FUDMA (SAJOLS) is an Open Access Journal hosted by the Faculty of Life Sciences, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Nigeria. Currently, it publishes peer-reviewed open access journals online and in print, covering a diverse range of academic disciplines within (but not limited to) Life Sciences and allied fields. By offering its publications in Open Access, SAJOLS seeks to provide for the global academic community and facilitates the advancement and application of science.
Faculty of Life Sciences, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria
An Unusual Presentation of Neonatal Cellulitis: Rapidly Progressing Bullous Lesion in a Newborn
Bullous skin lesions presenting at birth are uncommon and may pose a diagnostic challenge, particularly when they are rapidly progressive and associated with systemic features. The differential diagnosis includes infectious, traumatic, and inherited blistering disorders. We report the case of a one-hour-old neonate who developed a unilateral bullous lesion involving the right foot shortly after wearing a sock, which was rapidly progressing with associated fever and well-demarcated erythema extending proximally to the mid-leg. No reported family history of similar lesions. The acute onset, rapid progression, surrounding erythema, and systemic manifestation raised concern for a serious neonatal cutaneous infection, while the temporal relationship with friction from the sock also necessitated consideration of trauma-related blistering disorders. The neonate was evaluated clinically and managed accordingly. A careful history of onset, preceding trauma, family history, systemic features, and evolution of the lesion is important for establishing the diagnosis and guiding early management of neonates with rapidly progressive bullous lesions.
Bullous lesion; Cellulitis; Kano State; Neonatal blistering disorder; Neonates
Copyright (c) 2026 Aishatu Yahya Muhammad, Muhammad Suleiman
Assessment of Microplastic Contamination and Associated Health Risk in Ajiwa Reservoir Katsina, Nigeria
Microplastic pollution in freshwater reservoirs poses significant ecological and public health concerns, particularly in semi-arid regions where surface water is a primary resource. This study investigated microplastic contamination and associated health risks in Ajiwa Reservoir, Katsina State, Nigeria, over six months (April–September 2025), covering dry and rainy seasons. Water, sediment, and fish tissue samples (Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus) were collected from nine stations and analyzed for microplastic abundance, distribution, and polymer composition using wet peroxide oxidation, density separation, and FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. Health risk was quantified through contamination factor, estimated daily intake, and cumulative risk index. Physico-chemical parameters (pH: 9.3–10.7; temperature: 26–34°C; turbidity: 163.3–416.7 NTU) exceeded WHO limits. Microplastics were detected in all matrices, with water recording the highest concentration at 775 particles/L. Rayon/Cellulose fibers dominated across all months, linked to textile wastewater, while Polyethylene and Polystyrene appeared exclusively during the rainy season, driven by surface runoff. Seasonal differences in polymer distribution were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Health risk assessment revealed a very high cumulative risk from drinking water (CRI = 0.503), while fish consumption posed low risk. These findings establish baseline data on microplastic contamination in Ajiwa Reservoir, underscoring an urgent public health threat requiring immediate intervention, including advanced water treatment, regular monitoring, improved sewage management, and runoff control measures.
Ajiwa Reservoir; Freshwater contamination; Health risk assessment; Microplastics; Seasonal variation
Copyright (c) 2026 Khaltum Sarki Abdullahi, Asma'u Ibrahim Safana, Usman Lawal Usman, Sulaiman Muhammad, Bababngida Badamasi
Effect of Citrullus colocynthis Rind Ethanol Extract on Serum ALT, AST and ALP Activities in Rats Fed Crude-Oil-Contaminated Diet
This study evaluated the effect of ethanol extract of Citrullus colocynthis rind on serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in rats fed a crude-oil-contaminated diet. Twenty-five male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups of five rats each. Group 1 served as the positive control and received grower’s mash, while Group 2 received a crude-oil-contaminated diet without treatment. Groups 3, 4 and 5 were fed a crude-oil-contaminated diet for 28 days. Following completion of the exposure period, the crude-oil-contaminated diet was discontinued and replaced with a normal diet, while the animals were administered 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight of C. colocynthis rind ethanol extract, respectively, for an additional 28 days. Serum liver enzyme activities were determined using standard biochemical methods. Data were analysed at a significance level of p < 0.05. The untreated crude oil-exposed group showed marked elevations in ALT (137.72 U/L), AST (93.30 U/L) and ALP (385.41 U/L) compared with the control group, indicating alterations in hepatic enzyme activities. Administration of the extract produced progressive reductions in enzyme activities. The 600 mg/kg treatment produced the greatest attenuation, reducing ALT, AST and ALP activities to 107.82, 72.50 and 344.41 U/L, respectively. The findings indicated that ethanol extract of C. colocynthis rind attenuated crude-oil-associated elevations in serum enzyme activities, with the attenuating effect becoming more pronounced as the treatment dose increased. The study therefore indicated that C. colocynthis rind has the potential to attenuate crude-oil-induced increases in serum enzyme activities.
Alanine aminotransferase; Alkaline phosphatase; Aspartate aminotransferase; Citrullus colocynthis rind; Crude oil
Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern of Candida species Isolated from Non-Vaginal Infection Sites
Candida species are opportunistic fungal pathogens whose management is increasingly complicated by a global shift toward non-albicans species and antifungal resistance. Although most Candida research in Nigeria has focused on vaginal candidiasis, non-vaginal sites such as blood, urine, sputum, swabs and cerebrospinal fluid remain under-characterised. This study determined the antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida species isolated from non-vaginal clinical specimens at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), Nigeria. In this cross-sectional laboratory-based study, 28 non-vaginal Candida isolates were identified to species level by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing, and antifungal susceptibility was determined using the automated VITEK 2 system (AST-YST card), interpreted against CLSI M27 breakpoints. Data were analysed in SPSS version 26 using Fisher's exact test, with significance set at p≤0.05. Candida tropicalis (39.3%) and Candida albicans (32.1%) were the predominant species, alongside non-albicans and emerging species including Pichia kudriavzevii, Candidozyma auris, Candida auris, Nakaseomyces glabrata and Clavispora lusitaniae. Isolates were completely susceptible to fluconazole, voriconazole and micafungin (100.0% each), with high susceptibility to caspofungin (95.8%) and flucytosine (88.0%); amphotericin B recorded the lowest susceptibility (80.0%), with 16.0% resistance. Susceptibility to fluconazole and flucytosine varied significantly with species (p<0.001), while susceptibility to the other agents did not differ significantly between species. These findings show that non-vaginal Candida isolates at UITH remain broadly susceptible to first-line antifungals, but species-dependent variability in azole and flucytosine susceptibility, together with the recovery of Candida auris/Candidozyma auris, supports routine species-level identification and continued surveillance to guide rational antifungal use.
Antifungal susceptibility; Candida species; non-vaginal infection; VITEK 2; antifungal resistance; Nigeria
Copyright (c) 2026 Oladejo Janet Mosunmola , Aishat Bolanle Ahmed, Hamzat Ademola Ibraheem, Abdulrazaq Mustapha
Prevalence, Burden, Distribution and Risk Factors of Bovine Tick Infestation in Bakori Local Government Area of Katsina State
In sub-Saharan Africa, tick infestation significantly reduces livestock productivity, but there is still a dearth of localized epidemiological and ecological data. Tick prevalence, species diversity, and host-risk factors were assessed in this cross-sectional study of cattle in Bakori Local Government Area, Katsina State, Nigeria. A total of 394 systematically sampled cattle from five administrative wards underwent whole-body examinations, and recovered ticks were identified using standard taxonomic keys. The overall prevalence of infestation was 28.93% (114/394). Seven different tick species were identified. The invasive Rhipicephalus microplus (24.48%) was the most prevalent, followed by Amblyomma variegatum (20.30%), Amblyomma hebraeum (17.31%), Hyalomma rufipes (15.52%), Hyalomma truncatum (14.93%), Hyalomma dromedarii (5.37%), and Rhipicephalus decolouratus (2.09%). By ward, the spatial distribution differed significantly (χ2 = 205.18, p < 0.05). Bakori B was found to be the most ecologically stable habitat by ecological diversity indices, while Barde-Kwantakwaram showed significant single-species dominance. The most heavily infested anatomical site was the trunk (37.01%). Breed, sex, and coat colour did not significantly correlate with infestation rates (p > 0.05), but poor herd hygiene (p = 0.04) and younger host age (p = 0.0048) did. These results highlight how herd management, spatial heterogeneity, and the dynamics of invasive species influence tick burdens in Bakori. To reduce financial losses, customized, ward-specific integrated tick management strategies are desperately needed.
Cattle; Diversity indices; Ectoparasites; Epidemiology; Invasive species; Rhipicephalus microplus
Copyright (c) 2026 Hashim Usman, Nkiruka Charity Eberemu , Tolulope Ebenezer Atalabi
Phytochemical Quantification and GC-MS Profiling of the Methanolic Leaf Extract of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.
Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (jackfruit) has a long history of ethnomedicinal use and contains diverse phytochemicals with potential pharmacological activities. However, the phytochemical composition of its leaves remains comparatively under-characterised. This study evaluated the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical composition and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profile of the methanolic leaf extract of A. heterophyllus. Fresh mature leaves were collected, authenticated, air-dried, pulverised, and extracted with 80% methanol. Qualitative phytochemical screening and spectrophotometric quantification were performed for alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, and phenolics, while GC-MS analysis was used to identify bioactive constituents with reference to spectral library databases. The extraction of 600 g of leaf powder yielded 3.52 g of dried methanolic extract, corresponding to an extraction yield of 0.59%. The extract tested positive for alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, and phenolics. Tannins were the most abundant phytochemical class (207.20 ± 4.19 mg/TAE/g), while alkaloids were the least abundant (26.25 ± 2.47 mg/g). Saponins, flavonoids, and phenolics recorded 59.75 ± 1.06 mg/g, 69.29 ± 3.09 mg/g, and 190.74 ± 2.55 mg/g, respectively. GC-MS analysis identified 27 compounds, with phytol (16.48%), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester (13.93%), pentadecanoic acid methyl ester (11.24%), and acetic acid chlorohexadecyl ester (6.25%) among the most abundant constituents. These findings provide a phytochemical and chemical profile of A. heterophyllus leaves and support further investigation of their potential pharmacological applications.
Artocarpus heterophyllus; Bioactive compounds; GC-MS profiling; Jackfruit leaf; Methanolic extract; Phytochemical screening; Phytol; Tannins
Copyright (c) 2026 A. F. Abba, V. M. Yilwa, P. A. Vantsawa, E. N. Ozioko
Effects of Microplastic Pollution on Microalgal Diversity and Community Structure in River Ginzo, Katsina State, Northwestern Nigeria
Microplastic pollution is an emerging threat to freshwater systems, yet its effects on microalgal communities in northern Nigeria remain poorly understood. This study investigated microplastic occurrence, seasonal distribution, characteristics, polymer composition, and association with microalgal diversity and community structure in River Ginzo, Katsina State, Nigeria. Water samples were collected from nine stations at Kofar Marusa, Kofar Sauri, and Kofar Durbi during dry (March–May) and wet (June–August) seasons in 2025. Microplastics were extracted using sieving, peroxide digestion, density separation, filtration, and microscopy, with polymers confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Physicochemical parameters, microalgal abundance, diversity, and chlorophyll-a were determined using standard methods. Microplastic abundance ranged from 12.6 to 31.8 particles L⁻¹ and was higher during the wet season, with Kofar Marusa as the contamination hotspot. Fibres predominated, followed by fragments and films, while polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyethylene terephthalate were dominant polymers. Wet-season increases in electrical conductivity, dissolved solids, turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand, oxygen demand, nitrate, and phosphate indicated enhanced runoff, organic loading, and contaminant transport. Twenty-five microalgal taxa from six divisions were identified, dominated by Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, and Cyanobacteria. Kofar Durbi recorded the highest microalgal abundance, chlorophyll-a, richness, diversity, and evenness, whereas Kofar Marusa showed reduced diversity and greater cyanobacterial and euglenophyte dominance. Principal Component Analysis showed seasonal environmental structuring, with the first two components explaining 92.0% of the variance. The concurrence of elevated microplastic abundance and reduced microalgal diversity at Kofar Marusa suggests ecological stress, although nutrient enrichment, organic pollution, turbidity, and anthropogenic pressures may also influence responses.
River Ginzo; Microplastics; Microalgae; Physicochemical parameters; Biodiversity
Copyright (c) 2026 Usman Lawal Usman, Mudassir Badamasi, Asmau Ibrahim Safana, Rashida Yerima, Samila Adamu Usman
Sustainable Nutrient Recovery from Human Urine: a Soil–Plant–Microbe Interaction Study for Enhanced Agricultural Productivity of Talinum fruticosum L (Juss.)
Sustainable nutrient recovery from human urine offers a desirable biotechnology approach for improving soil fertility, microbial activity, and crop productivity in low-input farming systems. This study evaluated the effects of 17-day stored human urine on soil–plant–microbe interactions and the reproductive performance of Talinum fruticosum. A completely randomized pot experiment was conducted using two urine application rates (360.10 mL and 620.10 mL) and an untreated control. Soil samples collected before urine application and after harvest were analyzed for bacterial and fungal populations, while reproductive parameters, including days to first flower bud initiation, number of buds, flowers, and fruits, were monitored for 30 days. The 360.10 mL treatment resulted in the earliest flower bud initiation (13 days) and produced the highest numbers of buds, flowers, and fruits, indicating optimal nutrient availability and microbial stimulation for reproductive development. Although the 620.10 mL treatment enhanced reproductive performance compared with the control, its reproductive output was lower than that of the 360.10 mL treatment, suggesting that excessive nutrient input may reduce reproductive efficiency. Microbial populations increased following urine application, with the highest bacterial and fungal counts recorded under the 620.10 mL treatment. Predominant bacterial genera included Bacillus, Flavobacterium, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas, while Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Rhizopus were the dominant fungal genera. The findings demonstrate that moderate application of stored human urine can enhance soil microbial activity, flowering, and fruit production, highlighting its potential as an affordable and environmentally sustainable biofertilizer for nutrient-efficient agricultural production.
Nutrient recycling; Reproductive growth; Soil microorganisms; Stored human urine; Sustainable agriculture
Copyright (c) 2026 Uyoyou Agnes Akporobaro, Odimegwu Agholor, Rita Nneka Nwaka, Evangeline Ogordinwa Chiedu, Joy Anwuli Obiaigwe, Stephen Happiness Buzugbe
Comparative Assessment of Bacterial Contamination and Associated Food Safety Risks among Local and Modern Restaurants in Selected Local Government Areas of Kaduna State, Nigeria
Food safety is a fundamental aspect of public health. This study assessed bacterial contamination associated with food handlers and food-contact environments in selected local and modern restaurants across Kaduna metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The study was conducted within four Local Government Areas (LGAs): Igabi, Chikun, Kaduna North, and Kaduna South. A total of 240 samples, comprising hand swabs, utensil swabs, and hand-washing water, were collected from selected restaurants using standard aseptic procedures. Microbiological analyses were carried out using standard culture, morphological, and biochemical identification techniques. The results revealed significantly higher bacterial contamination in local restaurants compared to modern restaurants across all sampled LGAs. Total Salmonella-Shigella count (TSSC), Total Escherichia coli Count (TECC), and Total Coliform count (TCC) in several local restaurant samples exceeded the WHO permissible limits, particularly in hand swabs and hand-washing water samples. The highest TSSC (2.515×10-1 CFU/ml) and TECC (3.364×10-1CFU/ml) were recorded in Kaduna North local restaurants, while the highest TCC (2.214×10-1 CFU/ml) was also observed within the same LGA. Most modern restaurant samples recorded either no detectable bacterial growth or values within acceptable WHO limits. Identified bacterial isolates included Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Listeria spp., and Clostridium spp., indicating poor hygiene practices and environmental contamination. The study concludes that local restaurants pose greater microbiological risks due to inadequate hygiene, poor sanitation, and potentially contaminated water. Potable water supply, sanitation, medical screening of food handlers, and stricter hygiene regulations are recommended to reduce foodborne disease risks.
Bacterial contamination, Food handlers, Food-contact surfaces, Food safety, Restaurants, Kaduna State, Public health.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suzie Nathan, Ishaya Auta Kato, B. Balarabe-Musa, Solomon Bitrus, Japheth Ishaya Auta
Assessment of Parasitic Contamination and Associated Hygienic Practices in Local and Modern Restaurants across Selected Local Government Areas of Kaduna State, Nigeria
Bacterial contamination of food-handling environments remains an important public health concern. This study evaluated parasitic contamination associated with food handlers and food-contact environments in selected local and modern restaurants across Kaduna metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The study was conducted within four Local Government Areas (LGAs): Igabi, Chikun, Kaduna North, and Kaduna South. A total of 240 samples, comprising hand swabs, utensil swabs, and hand-washing water, were collected from selected restaurants using standard aseptic procedures. Parasitological investigations were performed using standard microscopic examination techniques to detect and identify intestinal parasites. The findings revealed a substantially higher prevalence and diversity of intestinal parasites in local restaurants than in modern restaurants. Cryptosporidium spp. recorded the highest prevalence with 18 (60%) occurrences in local restaurants within Igabi LGA, followed by 15 (50%) occurrences in Kaduna North and 12 (40%) occurrences in Kaduna South. Giardia lamblia occurred in 14 (46.6%) samples from Igabi and 12 (40%) samples from Kaduna North local restaurants, while Entamoeba spp. were detected in 11 (36.6%) and 10 (33.3%) samples from Igabi and Kaduna North, respectively. Helminthic parasites including Ascaris spp. (8; 26.6%), Ancylostoma spp. (4; 13.3%), Fasciola hepatica (3; 10%), and Echinococcus granulosus (2; 6.6%) were detected at lower frequencies, predominantly in local restaurants. Overall, Igabi LGA recorded the highest parasitic burden, whereas Chikun LGA had the lowest prevalence. Inadequate hygiene, poor environmental sanitation, and contaminated water sources contributed significantly to parasitic contamination in the local restaurants. Improved hygiene and sanitation practices are recommended to reduce parasite transmission.
Intestinal parasites, Food handlers, Restaurant hygiene, Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia lamblia, Food safety, Kaduna State, Public health.
Prevalence and Morphometric Characterization of Fasciolosis in Cattle Slaughtered at Zaria Abattoir, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Fasciolosis is an important food-borne zoonotic helminth disease caused by liver flukes of the genus Fasciola. The disease affects the liver and bile ducts of ruminants, resulting in substantial economic losses through reduced productivity and condemnation of infected livers at slaughter. This study determined the prevalence of fasciolosis among different breeds of cattle slaughtered at Zangon Shanu Abattoir, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria, and characterized the recovered flukes using morphological and morphometric techniques. Bile samples were examined for Fasciola eggs using the formalin–ether sedimentation technique. An overall prevalence of 50.5% (101/200) was recorded. Infection was more frequent among female (54.81%; 57/104) than in male cattle (45.83%; 44/96). Breed-specific prevalence was 56.52% (13/23) in Sokoto Gudali, 50.34% (75/149) in White Fulani (Bunaji), 46.67% (7/15) in Red Bororo, and 46.15% (6/13) in Crosses. Age-related prevalence increased from 6.82% (3/44) in cattle aged 1.0–1.5 years to 52.17% (36/69), 66.67% (40/60), and 81.48% (22/27) in the 2.0–2.5, 3.0–3.5, and 4.0–5.0 years age groups, respectively. Morphometric analysis showed a mean cone length of 3.68 ± 0.08 mm and a body length-to-body width ratio of 3.83 ± 0.21, with measurements largely comparable to published reference values for F. gigantica while exhibiting intermediate characteristics between F. hepatica and F. gigantica. The findings indicate that fasciolosis remains highly prevalent among cattle slaughtered in Zaria and provide baseline epidemiological and morphometric data to support surveillance and control programmes in northwestern Nigeria.
Cattle; Fasciola gigantica; Kaduna State; Morphometric analysis; Prevalence: Zaria Abattoir
Copyright (c) 2026 Y. Magaji, N. C. Eberemu , N. Manir, I. Isah
Antibiogram of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Fresh Vegetables sold in Jos Metropolis Nigeria
Fresh vegetables are essential components of healthy diets, yet microbial contamination along the supply chain poses growing safety risks. This study determined the antibiogram of E. coli O157:H7 isolated from fresh vegetables sold in Jos metropolis, Nigeria. A total of 60 vegetable samples were analysed for bacterial load, E. coli identification using API 20E and subsequently E. coli O157:H7 was confirmed on cefixime‑tellurite sorbitol‑MacConkey agar. Susceptibility testing was done using Kirby‑Bauer method, with indices calculated. Total aerobic mesophilic count (TAMC) ranged from 1.60 × 10⁴ ± 2.48 × 10³ to 5.27 × 10⁶ ± 2.79 × 10⁶ CFU/g with no variation (p > 0.05) across vegetable types or market outlets. Total coliform counts varied significantly (p = 0.006) and exceeded the ICMSF limit of 100 MPN/g. Escherichia coli O157:H7 prevalence was 39.58% higher than generic E. coli (35.42%; χ² = 139.60, df = 7, p < 0.0001) with 50% positivity in leafy vegetables. Market occurrence differed (χ² = 9.16, df = 2, p = 0.010), with highest in samples from Farin‑Gada (62.50%), followed by Bukuru (43.75%) and then Building Materials (12.50%). The isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin (100%) and 94.74% to ceftaroline, but highly resistant to ampicillin (89.47%), and tetracycline (84.21%). Overall, 68.42% were multidrug‑resistant, with MAR indices ranged 0.17–0.83, with 84.21% ≥ 0.33, indicating high antimicrobial selection pressure. These findings demonstrate that fresh vegetables in Jos metropolis harboured E. coli O157:H7 at levels posing significant public health risk.
Antibiotic Susceptibility; Escherichia coli O157:H7; Fresh vegetables; Jos Metropolis; Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR)
Copyright (c) 2026 E. A. Tsok, J. O. Okwojukwu, L. E. Adang, D. A. Dabo, M. L. Yusuf, N. N. Musa; J. R. Wartu; T. Y. Amapu, Hycinth S. Dapiya
Detection of Shiga toxins from Escherichia coli O157:H7 amongst Coliform Bacteria Isolated from Poultry Meats sold in some parts of Gombe Metropolis
With the increase in global demand and consumption of poultry meat, as well as variety in poultry meat and products, microbial safety must be ensured. Escherichia coli has for decades been identified as an important zoonotic pathogen. This study aimed to investigate the presence of pathogenic E. coli from chicken meats obtained from various outdoor vendors in Gombe metropolis, Gombe State, Nigeria. A total of 60 chicken parts; 10 samples per chicken (including breast, drumstick, wings, thighs, backs and legs) were purchased. The samples were analysed via bacteriological culture-based techniques on MacConkey agar and Eosin Methylene Blue agar; Gram staining, further growth on Sorbitol MacConkey Agar and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using Stx2 primer and enteropathogenic E. coli were characterised. The occurrence of E. coli was 50% (n=30). Other coliforms found were Klebsiella pneumoniae (25%), Citrobacter spp (10%) and Enterobacter aerogenes (6.7%). Meanwhile, the occurrence of E. coli was highest in the chicken legs with 33.3% (n= 10) and lowest in drumsticks with 6.7% (n=02). The highest contamination level of E. coli was in chicken legs with 3.00 x 103 CFU/g, while the lowest was observed in drumsticks at 1.32 x 103 CFU/g. Of the 30 E. coli isolates across all the chicken parts, only 16.6% (n=5) contained Stx2 genes. Educating the vendors on good hygiene practices is critical in eliminating contamination and thereby preventing outbreaks due to E. coli O157:H7.
Chicken meats; Coliforms; Pathogenic E. coli; PCR; Shiga toxin
Copyright (c) 2024 M. M. Abdullahi, S. Isa, M. Y. Kabiru
Potential Neuroprotective Role of L-Citrulline in Parkinson’s Disease: Mechanisms, Experimental Evidence and Future Perspectives
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, characterised by the selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the pathological accumulation of α-synuclein in the form of Lewy bodies. Despite decades of pharmacological research, current therapeutic strategies remain symptomatic, failing to halt or reverse the underlying neurodegeneration. Emerging evidence has implicated mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. In this context, naturally occurring bioactive compounds with neuroprotective properties have attracted considerable interest. L-citrulline, a non-proteinogenic amino acid abundant in watermelon and a key intermediate in the urea cycle, has garnered attention for its capacity to enhance nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, modulate antioxidant enzyme activity, attenuate neuroinflammation, and support mitochondrial homeostasis. This narrative review critically integrates existing preclinical and experimental findings on the neuroprotective properties of L-citrulline, with emphasis on its potential relevance to the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying Parkinson’s disease (PD). It examines major aspects of PD, including its epidemiological burden and multifactorial pathogenesis, the utility of the rotenone-induced animal model in translational PD research, and the contributions of oxidative stress and SNCA/PINK1-associated molecular pathways to dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Furthermore, the review evaluates current mechanistic and functional evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of L-citrulline. It identifies significant knowledge gaps, particularly the limited availability of studies assessing L-citrulline in PD-specific experimental models with integrated gene expression analyses, and underscores the need for robust preclinical investigations and well-designed translational clinical studies to validate L-citrulline as a potential adjunctive therapy for Parkinson’s disease.
Parkinson’s disease; L-citrulline; neuroprotection; oxidative stress; rotenone; dopamine; PINK1; SNCA; alpha-synuclein; mitophagy; nitric oxide
Copyright (c) 2026 Ebenezer Adisa Adediji , Oyebanjo Oyetola
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Urinary Schistosomiasis among Patients Attending Two Healthcare Facilities in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Urinary schistosomiasis remains a major public health problem in Nigeria, particularly in areas with frequent human contact with contaminated water. This study determined the prevalence and associated risk factors of urinary schistosomiasis among patients attending Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital and Tudun Wada Primary Health Care, Kaduna State. A total of 400 urine samples were collected from participants aged 5 years and above and examined using syringe filtration and Combi-9 reagent strips for microhaematuria. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests at a significance level of p˂0.05. Overall prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection was 13.5%, while microhaematuria prevalence was 61.75%. Infection was highest among males, participants aged 11-20 years, and those attending Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital. Frequent contact with untreated water was significantly associated with the infection. The findings indicate that urinary schistosomiasis remains endemic in Kaduna State and highlight the need for improved screening, health education, safe water supply, and targeted control interventions.
Uriinary Schistosomiasis, Schistosoma haematobium, Prevalence, Haematuria, Risk Factors, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Copyright (c) 2026 Godsgift Ibrahim Apollos, Gideon A. Amuga, R. J. Ombugadu, A. B. Yako, Daniel M. Olayinka, Comfort D. Thomas
Comparative Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Screening of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Linn.) and Allium sativum (Linn.) Crude Extracts
Medicinal plants remain an important source of bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential, particularly in resource-limited regions where access to orthodox medicine is constrained. This study evaluated the phytochemical composition of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle) calyces and Allium sativum (Garlic) bulbs from Kaduna, Nigeria, through solvent extraction, qualitative screening, and quantitative phytochemical assays. Ethanolic extraction of H. sabdariffa and methanolic extraction of A. sativum yielded 17.04% and 4.69% (w/w), respectively, followed by column chromatographic fractionation using hexane/ethyl acetate and ethyl acetate/methanol gradients, yielding seven pooled fractions from roselle (R1-R7) and five from garlic (G1-G5). Qualitative screening confirmed saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, and terpenes in both plants, with anthraquinones detected only in roselle. Quantitative analysis showed roselle contained significantly higher alkaloids (876.78 +/- 12.4 vs 629.26 +/- 10.8 mg/g, p < 0.001), flavonoids (288.63 +/- 6.2 vs 233.13 +/- 5.7 mg QE/g, p < 0.001), polyphenols (6.61 +/- 0.3 vs 4.88 +/- 0.2 mg GAE/g, p < 0.01), and tannins (13.88 +/- 0.8 vs 9.42 +/- 0.5 mg TAE/g, p < 0.01) than garlic, while saponin content did not differ significantly (52.14 +/- 3.1 vs 49.76 +/- 2.9 mg/g, p > 0.05). This is among the first studies to directly compare the phytochemical yield and fractionation profile of Nigerian-grown H. sabdariffa and A. sativum under standardised conditions, providing a quantitative baseline for future bioactivity-directed isolation of compounds from these widely consumed Nigerian plants.
Phytochemical screening, extraction, fractionation, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Allium sativum, flavonoids, alkaloids
Copyright (c) 2026 Sadiq Ibrahim Auwal, Joseph Appah, G. B. Onwumere , Gabriel Ajibade
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Rural Slaughterhouse Workers towards Caprine and Zoonotic Tuberculosis in Gombe State, Nigeria
Tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) is a significant zoonotic concern in livestock. Caprine tuberculosis (TB) has not been extensively studied like bovine TB in Nigeria. Despite goats and other small ruminants sharing a microenvironment with potentially infected cattle in most rural areas and slaughterhouses across Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa, this study was carried out to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAPS) of rural slaughterhouse workers in Gombe State, Nigeria, towards caprine and zoonotic TB. Using semi-structured closed-end questionnaires. Of the 155 total respondents, 148(94.48%) were male and age distribution showed that the majority of the respondents were between the ages of 14-29(30.30%) and 30-45 (41.90%). Out of 155 respondents, 123(79.34%) had at least a secondary school certificate (SSCE). KAPs assessment showed that one-hundred and thirty-five (135) representing (81.1 %) of the respondents had a very good score in assessment of their knowledge about caprine and zoonotic TB; while one-forty-nine (149) representing (96.1%) of the respondents had a very good score in evaluation of their attitude towards TB however, respondents practices assessment was sub-optimally poor with 79 respondents representing (50.1%) scored below 40%. Chi-square analyses showed that the level of education of the respondents was significantly associated with their scores in assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices towards caprine and zoonotic TB. The higher the level of education of the respondents, the higher their scores in the assessment of their knowledge, attitude and practices towards zoonotic and caprine TB.
Caprine; Knowledge, Attitude, Practices (KAPs); Questionnaire; Respondents; Slaughterhouse; Tuberculosis (TB)
Copyright (c) 2026 Hamidu Sani, Emmanuel Chukwudi Okolocha, Usman Usman Bashir, Daniel Obinna Esonu, Muhammad Umar Yuguda, Adamu Hassan Jarmai, Tasiu Sulaiman
Evaluation of Genetic Structure and Connectivity among Populations of Macrozoobenthic Snail (Mutela rubens) from Freshwater Ecosystems in Kano State, Nigeria
Macrozoobenthic snails are important bioindicators and fish food organisms in freshwater ecosystems, yet population genetic data for many Nigerian freshwater molluscs remain scarce. This study evaluated the genetic structure and connectivity among populations of the macrozoobenthic freshwater snail Mutela rubens from River Kano, River Bagwai and River Karaye in Kano State, Nigeria, using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of 96 specimens were analyzed and genetic variation was assessed using five RAPD primers, which generated 82 reproducible loci. Genetic polymorphism ranged from 56.10% to 63.41%, with the highest variation recorded in River Kano (63.41%), followed by River Bagwai (59.76%) and River Karaye (56.10%). Genetic diversity indices revealed higher heterozygosity in River Kano (0.205), while River Karaye recorded the lowest value (0.182), indicating differences in genetic variability and population connectivity. Nei’s genetic distance analysis showed moderate genetic differentiation among populations, with values ranging from 0.082 to 0.136, while genetic identity ranged from 0.873 to 0.921. Molecular analysis of variance revealed that 72% of the total genetic variation occurred within populations, whereas 28% was attributed to differences among populations. UPGMA dendrogram grouped the three populations into closely related clusters without genetic outliers. The findings demonstrate that M. rubens populations in Kano State freshwater ecosystems possess considerable genetic diversity and connectivity, although localized environmental factors may influence their genetic structuring.
Freshwater; Genetic diversity; Mollusc; Population connectivity; RAPD markers
Copyright (c) 2026 Rasheed Olatunji Moruf, Halima Abdullahi Muhammad
An Evaluation of Shelf Life of Fermented Soybean (Soy “Daddawa”) Under Different Storage Conditions
Fresh fermented soybean cake (soy ’’Daddawa’’) is highly perishable, limiting its shelf life, consumer acceptability and commercialization. This study evaluated the effects of different storage environments on the shelf life and quality of soy ‘’Daddawa’’. Two laboratory-produced samples (one inoculated with Bacillus subtilis and one uninoculated control) and a commercially purchased sample were investigated. Following fermentation, proximate composition was determined, and samples were stored in an oven (low-moisture) and humid conditions for 12 days. Temperature, relative humidity, pH, aerobic mesophilic bacterial count, sensory quality, and bacterial contaminants were monitored throughout storage. The oven maintained a constant temperature of 27 ± 0.00°C throughout the 12-day storage period, whereas the ambient storage temperature gradually increased to 28.33 ± 0.33°C by day six of storage. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in proximate composition among the fermented samples; however, the B. subtilis-inoculated sample had the highest protein content (45.28%). Relative humidity decreased from 21% to 10% under oven storage and from 48.33% to 40.67% under humid conditions, while pH increased progressively, reaching 8.17 in oven-stored samples. Aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts increased during storage without significant differences (p > 0.05) among treatments. Freshly fermented laboratory-produced samples achieved 100% consumer acceptance, with the inoculated sample receiving the highest sensory score (8.6 ± 0.6). Sensory acceptability declined markedly after 6 days and was completely lost by day 12. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. were detected in stored samples. These findings show that Moisture-free storage prevents “Daddawa” spoilage.
Daddawa; Fermentation; Shelf life; Storage conditions; Moisture content; Sensory evaluation
Copyright (c) 2026 Fatima Balarabe Suleiman, Aminu Bukar, M. Bashir
Sociodemographic and Risk Factors Associated with Human Papillomavirus Infection among Sperm-Impaired Male Patients Attending Reproductive Clinic at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide and has increasingly been implicated in male reproductive dysfunction. However, evidence on the sociodemographic and behavioural determinants of HPV infection among sperm-impaired men in Nigeria remains limited. This hospital-based cross-sectional study investigated the sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors associated with HPV infection among 156 sperm-impaired male patients attending the Reproductive Health Clinic of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria. Semen samples were evaluated for sperm concentration, motility, and morphology using standard laboratory methods, while HPV DNA was detected using the GeneXpert HPV assay. Sociodemographic, behavioural, and clinical information was obtained through structured questionnaires and analysed using IBM SPSS version 23. Chi-square tests and odds ratios were used to determine associations at a significance level of p < 0.05. The overall HPV prevalence was 6.7%. Although HPV infection was more frequent among men aged 37–50 years, age was not significantly associated with infection. Single participants had significantly higher HPV prevalence than married men. Lower educational attainment and lack of circumcision were associated with poorer semen quality. History of organ transplantation and presence of genital warts showed significant associations with HPV infection, while dysuria and difficulty with urine flow were significantly related to impaired semen quality. The findings demonstrate that HPV infection among sperm-impaired men is associated with selected sociodemographic and clinical factors. Enhanced HPV awareness, male vaccination, safer sexual practices, and incorporation of HPV screening into infertility evaluation may improve reproductive health outcomes in Nigeria.
Human Papillomavirus; Public Health: Risk Factors; Sociodemographic Factors; Sperm Impairment
Copyright (c) 2026 Musa Ibrahim Tukur, Yahaya Aliyu, Sakinat Ifediora
Survey on Gastrointestinal Parasites of Cattle in Two Local Government Areas in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Livestock production is faced with several problems, which, in the long run, result in low productivity. There is a need to investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of cattle in Keffi and Lafia, Nasarawa State. Faecal samples were collected from the rectum of cattle in markets and abattoirs into sterile labelled polythene bags and conveyed in ice packs to the Parasitology Laboratory for examination using the flotation technique. A total of 200 cattle from Keffi and Lafia were examined for intestinal helminths. A total of 105 (52.5%) cattle were infected. Cattle from Lafia LGA were slightly more infected (55.0%) than those from Keffi LGA (p>0.05). The rearing system was found to be a significant determinant of infection since animals reared under a closed system had less infection than those in the open system. Parasites encountered ranged from trematodes, nematodes, to protozoans with single parasitism mainly from Fasciola spp. It is recommended that pastures should be rotated even if closed ranging system is practised, avoid overgrazing, feed the cattle with good feed and clean water.
Closed grazing; Gastrointestinal parasites; Livestock; Open grazing; Overgrazing
Copyright (c) 2026 O. O. Esezobor , G. A. Amuga, A. B. Yako, R. J. Ombugadu, M. D. Olayinka, D. T. Comfort
Adherence with Hypertension Prevention Measures among Hypertensive Patients Attending Clinics in Umaru Shehu Ultra-Modern Hospital, Maiduguri
Hypertension remains a major global public health challenge, with suboptimal adherence to prevention measures contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. This study assessed adherence to hypertension prevention measures among hypertensive patients attending clinics in Umaru Shehu Ultra-Modern Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed, and data were collected from 350 hypertensive patients through a structured, pretested questionnaire. Respondents were selected using a systematic sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25, employing descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations, as well as Chi-square tests to examine associations between adherence levels and socio-demographic variables. Results showed that adherence to lifestyle modification measures was moderate, with higher compliance to dietary control and reduced salt intake, but lower adherence to regular physical activity and weight management. Blood pressure monitoring routines showed relatively better adherence, though home monitoring was inconsistent. Factors influencing adherence included affordability of care, quality of counselling, presence of side effects, family support, and cultural or religious beliefs. No significant association was found between adherence level and socio-demographic characteristics. The study concludes that multiple, interrelated factors hinder optimal adherence to hypertension prevention measures. It recommends strengthening patient education, enhancing counselling services, improving access to affordable care, promoting physical activity, leveraging family and community support, addressing cultural barriers, and implementing reminder systems to improve adherence.
Lifestyle Modification; Maiduguri; Medication Compliance
Copyright (c) 2026 Rahmatu Balarabe, H. S. Mohammed, A. Ahmed, A. S. Abdullahi, V. S. Ogenyi, F. Mukhtar, A. Dahiru
Iron Store Depletion with Increasing Donation Frequency despite Normal Haematological Indices: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
Repeated blood donation is a major cause of progressive iron store depletion, yet routine donor screening often fails to detect early iron deficiency. This study evaluated the effect of donation frequency on iron status among blood donors in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria, and assessed the utility of haematological indices as surrogate markers of iron depletion where ferritin testing is unavailable. A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted among 270 eligible blood donors from ten hospitals across Ilorin metropolis. Participants comprised 72 first-time and 198 repeat donors, stratified into low- (2-3/year), moderate- (4-6/year), and high-frequency (>6/year) groups. Haematological parameters were assessed using the Mindray BC-10 analyser. Serum iron and total iron-binding capacity were quantified using an automated chemistry analyser, while ferritin and transferrin were determined by ELISA. Transferrin saturation (TSAT) was calculated mathematically. Data were analysed using SPSS 27.0 at p<0.05. Haemoglobin, packed cell volume, red blood cell count, and red cell indices showed no significant differences across donation-frequency groups (p>0.05). However, serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, and TSAT declined significantly with increasing donation frequency (p<0.05). Mean ferritin decreased from 138.4±36.4 ng/mL in first-time donors to 63.2±22.5 ng/mL in high-frequency donors, while TSAT fell from 30.1±9.2% to 10.1±4.5%, respectively. Correlations between iron parameters and red cell distribution width (RDW)/mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) suggest early subclinical erythrocyte changes. Repeated donation is associated with frequency-dependent iron depletion despite normal haematological indices. Routine ferritin monitoring, or RDW/MCHC-based risk flagging, should be incorporated into donor management to protect donor health and blood supply integrity.
Blood donors; Donation frequency; Ferritin; Haematological indices; Iron store depletion; Red cell distribution width; Subclinical iron deficiency
Copyright (c) 2026 Kikelomo Olayemi Oyeleke, Ahmed Musa, Ibrahim Munirudeen
Zooplankton Community Structure in Akassa Creek, Delta State, Nigeria
Zooplankton are key indicators of aquatic ecosystem health and productivity. This study investigated the taxonomic composition, abundance, and spatial-temporal distribution of zooplankton in Akassa creek, a brackish water system in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Monthly samples were collected between the months of October-December, 2024 from 2 stations (Akassa 1 and Akassa 2) using a 55 µm plankton net. A total of 4 taxa were recorded, dominated by Lecane closterocerca; Acartia metanauplius and Arcella vulgaris. Akassa 1 recorded a higher diversity index (H’ = 1.312), lower dominance D (0.2861), higher richness S (4) taxa and a higher evenness J’ (0.9284) reflecting a more balanced community. On the other hand, Akassa 2 had a lower diversity H’ (0.8379), higher dominance D (0.4631), lower richness S (3 taxa), lower evenness J’ (0.7705) indicating a skewed community. The differences between the composition and abundance of zooplanktons in Akassa 1 and Akassa 2 suggests that spatial monitoring of diversity indices is critical for fisheries management. The findings provide unique data for conservation and fisheries management in Akassa creek.
Comparative Proximate Composition of Six Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Accession Cultivated in Katsina State, Nigeria
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), known locally as beniseed, is a major oilseed crop in Nigeria. This study evaluated the proximate composition of six sesame accessions (IGBOHO BLACK, 02M, E8, EXSUDAN, KENAN 4, and BOGORO LOCAL) to identify nutritionally superior lines. Proximate analyses (moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fiber, fat and oil, and carbohydrate) were conducted using standard methods. One‑way ANOVA indicated significant differences among accessions for all traits (p ≤ 0.05). IGBOHO BLACK and E8 recorded the highest moisture contents (3.40 ± 0.10% and 3.38 ± 0.00%, respectively). IGBOHO BLACK had the highest ash (5.98 ± 1.10%) and crude fiber (5.77 ± 1.10%), while E8 showed the highest crude protein (7.21 ± 0.20%) and highest fat and oil content (60.50 ± 1.40%), closely followed by KENAN 4 (60.46 ± 2.13%). Carbohydrate content was greatest in IGBOHO BLACK and BOGORO LOCAL (27.63 ± 1.30% and 27.62 ± 1.18%, respectively). The accessions IGBOHO BLACK and E8 had favorable levels of moisture content, crude fibre, protein, fat and oil, carbohydrates that suggest they are promising accessions for nutritional and economic value, followed closely by KENAN 4 and BOGORO LOCAL. Further evaluation of Sesamum indicum L. under different environments and yield trials is recommended for breeding and cultivation purpose.
Composition; E8; IGBOHO BLACK; Proximate; Sesame
Copyright (c) 2026 J. D. Buah, A. A. Omotoso, D. D. Musa
Health Effects of Chronic Pesticide Exposure: A Narrative Review of Neurological, Carcinogenic, Reproductive, Metabolic, and Systemic Implications
Chronic pesticide exposure represents a critical global public health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries characterized by inadequate regulatory oversight and poor occupational protection. While acute poisonings are well-documented, sub-acute chronic exposures are increasingly linked to long-term systemic pathologies. This study synthesizes multi-disciplinary evidence linking chronic pesticide exposure to systemic human diseases while critically appraising the methodological strengths and limitations of the current literature. A comprehensive search of major biomedical databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar) identified key prospective cohorts, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and mechanistic studies published between 2000 and 2026, alongside foundational pre-year 2000 literature. Convergent epidemiological and experimental data robustly associate chronic exposure with neurodegenerative conditions (Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases), specific malignancies (non-Hodgkin lymphoma, leukaemia, breast cancer), reproductive disorders, and metabolic dysregulation, including type 2 diabetes. These pathologies are driven by shared molecular pathways: oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, endocrine disruption, neuroinflammation, genotoxicity, and epigenetic alterations. Notably, prenatal and pediatric cohorts exhibit heightened susceptibility due to developmental vulnerability and immature metabolic detoxification. Although exposure misclassification, chemical mixture complexities, and residual confounding problems tend to limit definitive causal attribution for individual compounds. This aggregate evidence warrants decisive public health intervention. Mitigating this burden requires expanded prospective biomonitoring, global regulatory harmonization, and the accelerated adoption of integrated pest management frameworks.
Carcinogenesis; Disruption; Endocrine; Neurotoxicity; Occupational health; Oxidative stress; Reproductive toxicity
Copyright (c) 2026 S. Musa, U. E. Ubi, E. S. Danjuma
Review on Current Strategies of Malaria Control in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Malaria remains a major public health challenge in Nigeria, particularly in Kaduna State, where climatic conditions, poverty, poor sanitation, and weak health systems sustain transmission. This seminar reviewed current malaria control strategies in the state, focusing on epidemiology, interventions, challenges, and emerging innovations. Plasmodium falciparum is identified as the dominant parasite responsible for severe cases and deaths, while Anopheles gambiae serves as the primary vector. Key interventions include insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), indoor residual spraying (IRS), larval source management (LSM), seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC), rapid diagnostic testing (RDTs), Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies (ACTs), and community health education. Although these measures have reduced malaria morbidity and mortality, their effectiveness is constrained by several challenges, including insecticide and drug resistance, poor net utilization, weak surveillance systems, irregular commodity supply, poverty, environmental degradation, and inadequate healthcare infrastructure. Evidence from different LGAs in Kaduna State also shows that irrigation farming, insecurity, internally displaced populations, and poor sanitation contribute significantly to sustained transmission. At the same time, behavioural non-compliance further undermines intervention outcomes. The review highlights emerging control approaches such as malaria vaccines (R21/Matrix-M), gene-drive mosquito technologies, digital surveillance systems, and artificial intelligence-based predictive tools as promising future directions. It concludes that achieving sustainable malaria elimination in Kaduna State requires a comprehensive, multisectoral approach that integrates strengthened health systems, improved surveillance, environmental management, consistent political commitment, community engagement, and the effective adoption of both existing and innovative control strategies.
Insecticide-treated nets; Malaria; Malaria control; Malaria vaccine; Plasmodium falciparum; Vector control
Copyright (c) 2026 B. Bako, F. M. Musa, A. U. Mukhtar
Molecular Detection of magA Gene and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Uropathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Patients Attending Federal Teaching Hospital Katsina, Nigeria
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae pose significant public health challenges due to increasing antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants. This study aimed to molecularly confirm K. pneumoniae isolates, determine the occurrence of the magA virulence gene, and evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among patients attending Federal Teaching Hospital Katsina, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 200 urine specimens from patients with suspected UTIs. K. pneumoniae was confirmed by PCR targeting the yhaI gene, and the magA virulence gene was detected. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. Molecular confirmation identified 11 (5.5%) K. pneumoniae isolates. Only one isolate. (9.0 %) was positive for the magA virulence gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed complete susceptibility (100%) to amikacin, high susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (81.8%) and meropenem (81.8%), but significant resistance to cefotaxime (90.9%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (81.8%), and ampicillin (63.6%). Resistance was observed in 90.9% of isolates, with MAR indices ranging from 0.25 to 0.63. This study confirms the presence of Uropathogenic K. pneumoniae carrying the magA virulence gene with significant resistance patterns. The coexistence of virulence determinants and antimicrobial resistance underscores the need for routine molecular diagnostics, continuous surveillance, and strengthened antimicrobial stewardship programs to guide appropriate therapy and prevent the spread of resistant strains.
Antimicrobial resistance; Klebsiella pneumoniae; magA gene; Nigeria; Urinary tract infections; yhai gene
Copyright (c) 2026 Yahaya Aliyu, Sakinat Ifediora, Musa Ibrahim Tukur
Molecular Identification and Distribution of Fungal Species Associated with Stored Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L. R. Br.), a member of the Poaceae family, is the sixth most important cereal crop globally and a major staple in northern Nigeria due to its high nutritional values and gluten-free properties. However, fungal contamination during storage poses serious economic and public health concerns, particularly due to the production of mycotoxins. This study investigated the occurrence and diversity of fungal species associated with stored pearl millet seeds collected from five major markets in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. Pearl millet seeds (480g) were collected in each market, surface-sterilized, moistened with sterile distilled water, and stored for seven days to induce spoilage. Seeds were plated on Potato Dextrose agar amended with streptomycin and incubated for three days at 25±2°C. The emerging fungi were sub-cultured to obtain pure isolates and identified using morphological characteristics and molecular analysis targeting the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region. Sequence analysis through BLAST confirmed five fungal species: Aspergillus tamarii, Fusarium arcuatisporum, Penicillium griseofulvum, Curvularia lunata, and Pseudopestalotiopsis theae. A. tamarii had the highest frequency of occurrence (29.73%), while F. arcuatisporum had the lowest frequency (13.51%). Idi-Abebe market recorded the highest fungal distribution (40.54%), likely due to poor storage infrastructure. The predominance of mycotoxigenic species underscores the need for improved post-harvest handling, routine mycological surveillance, mycotoxin risk assessment, and storage hygiene to enhance the safety and shelf life of stored pearl millet within local value chains.
Molecular analysis; Morphological characteristics; Mycotoxins; Pearl millet; Pseudopestalotiopsis theae
Copyright (c) 2026 S. O. Sulaimon, T. Garuba, A. A. Lateef, G. S. Olahan
Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Using Multi-Locus Sequence Typing and SCCmec Typing from Poultry and Poultry Farm Workers in Kano, Nigeria
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important zoonotic pathogen increasingly associated with livestock, particularly poultry, posing a significant public health threat. This necessitates molecular epidemiological surveillance using robust typing tools such as multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and SCCmec typing. A cross-sectional study was conducted to characterize MRSA isolates recovered from poultry and poultry farm workers in Kano, Nigeria. S. aureus was identified using microbiological methods and by PCR targeting the nuc and mecA genes. Molecular characterization was performed using MLST based on amplification and sequencing of selected housekeeping genes, while SCCmec typing was conducted using multiplex PCR assays. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred to assess genetic diversity and clonal relatedness. A total of 13 MRSA isolates were confirmed by the presence of the mecA gene. The MLST analysis revealed multiple sequence types, indicating genetic heterogeneity among isolates, consistent with previous reports of diverse MRSA lineages in poultry environments. Three of the seven housekeeping genes were amplified. SCCmec typing identified types II and IV, with type IV being more prevalent. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated clustering of isolates from both poultry and farm workers, indicating potential cross-species transmission. This study highlights the circulation of genetically diverse MRSA strains among poultry and poultry farm workers in Kano, with evidence of shared clonal lineages. The predominance of SCCmec type IV underscores the role of community and livestock-associated MRSA in this setting. Continuous surveillance using MLST and SCCmec typing is essential to understand transmission dynamics and to inform effective control strategies at the human–animal interface.
Molecular characterization; MRSA; MLST; Poultry; SCCmec
Copyright (c) 2026 Hauwa Kawu Bala, R. K. Bala, A. Mohammed