Sahel Journal of Life Sciences FUDMA
type: channel
description: Sahel Journal of Life Sciences FUDMA (SAJOLS) is an Open Access Journal hosted by the Faculty of Life Sciences, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Nigeria. Currently, it publishes peer-reviewed open access journals online and in print, covering a diverse range of academic disciplines within (but not limited to) Life Sciences and allied fields. By offering its publications in Open Access, SAJOLS seeks to provide for the global academic community and facilitates the advancement and application of science.
publisher: Faculty of Life Sciences, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria
language: en
publication name: Sahel Journal of Life Sciences FUDMA
issn: 3027-0456
items: Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Commercial Probiotics and Vitamin C on Growth Performance, Nutrient Utilization and Haematological Profile of Clarias gariepinus Fingerlings
items: Assessment of Morphometric and Meristic Characterization of Silver Catfish (Bagrus bayad) from Northeast Nigeria
items: Evaluation of Synergistic Anti-plasmodial Activity of Tamarindus indica and Hibiscus sabdariffa Extracts Against Clinical Isolates of Plasmodium falciparum: In-Vitro and Ex-Vivo protocols
items: Preliminary Screening of Pyrene-Degrading Bacteria from the Semi-Anoxic Bovine Gut
items: Prevalence of Haemozoin among Patients with Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Some Selected Hospitals in Bakori and Funtua, Katsina State, Nigeria
items: Microbial Safety and Physicochemical Integrity of Houseboat Water in a Petroleum-Impacted Creek System of the Niger Delta
items: Effects of Soil Organic Matter Fractions on Some Selected Physical and Chemical Properties of Forest Soils in Gashaka Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria
items: Effect of Aqueous Extract of Tapinanthus brunneus leaves on diet-induced Hypercholesterolemia in Rats
items: Isolation and Identification of Dermatophytes Associated with Barbing Instruments in Ungogo Local Government Area, Kano State
items: Antimicrobial Potential of Endophytic Fungi from Capsicum annuum and Vigna Unguiculata Against Xanthomonas campestris and Fusarium oxysporum
items: Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Mixed Ligand Metal (II) Complexes Derived from 2,2- Bipyridine and Oxalic Acid
items: Bioactive Constituents and Inhibitory Effects of Methanolic Extract of Acacia nilotica against Plasmodium Trophozoites and Schizonts
items: Effect of Solanum lycopersicum Supplementation on Lipid Profile and Atherogenic Indices in Wistar Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet
items: Survey on Infestation and Damage of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Some Maize Fields in Kano, Nigeria
items: Prevalence of Gastro-Intestinal Parasites among Goats in Island of Naifaru, Maldives
items: Prevalence and Risk Factors of Candida albicans Infection among Women of Childbearing Age Attending Ministry of Defence Headquarters Clinic, Garki, Abuja
items: The Role of Wetlands in Climate Regulation in Daura Local Government Area, Katsina State, Nigeria
items: Pattern of Morbidity and Outcome of Hospitalized Children: A retrospective Study in Goldfish Sea Hospital Kano, Nigeria
items: Effect of Sex and Season on the Prevalence of Helminthic Parasites of Bagrus bayad in Sabke Dam, Katsina State, Nigeria
items: Occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus and their Resistant Strains in Raw Meat sold at a Metropolitan Abattoir in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
items: Neuroprotective Effects of Sesame Oil on Depressive-Like Behaviours in Mice Subjected to Open-Space Forced Swim Test
items: Consumption of High Salt-Diet Causes Cortical and Hippocampal Lipid Peroxidation via Endogenous Antioxidant Depletion in Sleep Deprived Adult Female Wistar Rats
items: Harnessing Integrated Weed Management to Boost Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Yield and Profitability under Diverse Weed Flora in Nigeria’s Sudan Savanna
items: Weed Flora Dynamics, Control Strategies and Varietal Response of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Productivity in the Sudan Savanna of Nigeria
items: Genetic Diversity among Selected Nigerian Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars for Agronomic Improvement Towards Sustainable Food Security
items: Prevalence and Risk Factors of Entamoeba histolytica Infection among Children Attending Selected Hospitals in Kaduna North Local Government Area, Kaduna, Nigeria
items: Evaluation of Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) Information Access in Schools: A Case Study of Udu Local Government Area in Delta State, Nigeria
items: Cells Adhesion Inhibitory Activity of Identified Compounds from Taminalia catappa Against Clinical Isolate of Trichosporon asahi
items: Effects of Processing Methods on Proximate, Antinutrients, and Antioxidant Properties of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Flours and Organoleptic Properties of the Puddings
items: Prevalence of Fascioliasis among Humans and Slaughtered Ruminants in Katsina Abattoir, Katsina State, Nigeria

Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Commercial Probiotics and Vitamin C on Growth Performance, Nutrient Utilization and Haematological Profile of Clarias gariepinus Fingerlings
type: item
description: This study evaluated the effects of dietary inclusion of commercial probiotics (Aqua Pro) and Vitamin C on growth performance, nutrient utilisation, and haematological profile of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. A total of 120 fingerlings were randomly distributed into four treatment groups (T0 – T3) with varying inclusion levels (0,1,2, and 3g/kg) of probiotics and Vitamin C over an 18-week feeding trial. Fish were fed a 45% crude protein diet, and growth indices, feed utilisation parameters and haematological variables were assessed. Results showed significant improvement (p 0.005) in final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio with increasing supplementation levels, with the best performance recorded in T3. Feed conversion ratio decreased significantly, indicating enhanced feed efficiency. Survival rate improved from 80% in the control to 93.3% in the highest inclusion group. Haematological parameters (RBC, WBC, PVC, and haemoglobin) were significantly enhanced in supplemental groups, reflecting improved physiological and immune status. Water quality parameters remained within acceptable limits and were not significantly affected by dietary treatments. The study concludes that combined dietary supplementation of probiotics and Vitamin C, particularly at 2 – 3g/kg, enhanced growth performance, nutrient utilisation, and health status of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Aqua Pro; Clarias gariepinus; Growth performance; Nutrient utilization; Haematology; Probiotics; Vitamin C
  topic: keywords
creator: B. Abubakar
creator: J. Umaru
creator: s. Mustapha
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 B. Abubakar, J. Umaru, s. Mustapha
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 473
ending page: 482
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0401-55

Assessment of Morphometric and Meristic Characterization of Silver Catfish (Bagrus bayad) from Northeast Nigeria
type: item
description: Morpho-meristic analysis in fish provide crucial information on species differentiation, population structure and evolution. This research was carried out to study the morphological characteristics of Bagrus bayad, from three locations in the North-east Nigeria, using morphometric measurements and meristic counts. A total number of ninety (90) freshly caught samples of B. bayad were randomly selected and bought from commercial fishermen at the landing sites (Njoboliyo Reservoir, Lau Reservoir and Dadin Kowa Dam) between June and August, 2024. The results revealed that all the morphometric characters of B. bayad from the three locations varied, whereas some meristic counts including mean number of rays on pectoral fin (9.07±0.94, 8.83±, 9.07±0.94), anal fin ray (11.53±1.11, 11.08±0.77, 11.53±1.11), caudal fin ray (19.63±0.33, 19.77±0.30, 19.58±0.23) and pelvic fin ray 1 (6.00±0.00,6.00±0.00, 6.00±0.00) and pelvic ray count 2 (6.00±0.00, 6.00±0.00, 6.00±0.00) respectively were constant. The principal component analysis revealed LAU reservoir had the highest average body weight (789.54g) in comparison to the other locations. The study highlights significant morphological characters and principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed that weight and length are the primary distinguishing factors among population.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bagrus bayad; Conservation; Fish Biology; Meristic; Morphometric; Reservoir
  topic: keywords
creator: Raymond Elisha Nyaku
creator: Tahir Hassan Garba
creator: Abubakar Sadiq Bello
creator: Sadiya Muhammad Yahaya
creator: Zaharadeen Mohammed
creator: Usman Nuhu Haruna
creator: Nuratu Mohammed
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Raymond Elisha Nyaku , Tahir Hassan Garba, Abubakar Sadiq Bello, Sadiya Muhammad Yahaya , Zaharadeen Mohammed, Usman Nuhu Haruna , Nuratu Mohammed
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 463
ending page: 472
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0401-54

Evaluation of Synergistic Anti-plasmodial Activity of Tamarindus indica and Hibiscus sabdariffa Extracts Against Clinical Isolates of Plasmodium falciparum: In-Vitro and Ex-Vivo protocols
type: item
description: Malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum remains a major global health burden and serious health challenge, exacerbated by increasing resistance to conventional antimalarial drugs. This study evaluated the in vitro and ex vivo anti-plasmodial activity of Tamarindus indica (Tamarind) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (Zobo) extracts, individually and in combination, against clinical isolates of P. falciparum. Aqueous extracts were prepared and screened for phytochemical constituents, followed by dose-dependent schizont maturation assays and growth kinetic analyses. Results demonstrated that phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins, which likely contribute to the observed bioactivity. While T. indica exhibited potent anti-plasmodial activity with an IC50 of 3.8 ± 0.96 µg/mL, approaching that of quinine (2.5 ± 0.74 µg/mL), while H. sabdariffa showed moderate activity (IC50 = 13.5 ± 0.99 µg/mL). The combined extract improved efficacy relative to H. sabdariffa alone (IC50 = 5.2 ± 0.99 µg/mL), but combination index analysis (CI = 1.61) revealed an antagonistic interaction. Growth kinetic studies indicated that untreated parasites exhibited a typical exponential replication with a doubling time of 17.5 hours, whereas extract-treated cultures showed prolonged lag phases, suppressed exponential growth, and early transition to decline phases. Notably, H. sabdariffa alone demonstrated a paradoxical increase in parasite viability at higher concentrations, suggesting potential metabolic or protective effects on parasite survival. However, T. indica demonstrates strong antimalarial potential, while the combination with H. sabdariffa does not confer synergistic benefit. These findings highlight the importance of rigorous interaction studies in plant-based combination therapies for malaria.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Anti-plasmodial activity; Ex-vivo Assay; Hibiscus sabdariffa; In-Vitro; Plasmodium falciparum; Synergy; Tamarindus indica
  topic: keywords
creator: Baba Gabi
creator: Maryam A. Yakassai
creator: Fatima Abubakar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Baba Gabi, Maryam A. Yakassai, Fatima Abubakar
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 404
ending page: 416
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0401-48

Preliminary Screening of Pyrene-Degrading Bacteria from the Semi-Anoxic Bovine Gut
type: item
description: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental contaminants whose remediation remains a global challenge in oxygen-limited and resource-constrained environments. While microbial degradation of PAHs has been studied in soils and aquatic systems, the gastrointestinal microbiota of ruminants remains largely unexplored as a potential reservoir of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria. This study evaluates the PAH-degrading potential of bacterial isolates from the semi-anoxic intestinal lining of cows inhabiting crude oil-impacted environments. Samples were aseptically collected from the intestinal gut lining of Bos tarus at the point of slaughter and cultured with a Pyrene-supplemented Bushnell Haas medium. A total of sixteen distinct bacterial isolates were obtained and characterized using morphological and biochemical techniques. Their capacity to metabolize pyrene, a model high-molecular-weight PAH, was assessed using a 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol (DCPIP) redox assay in combination with growth kinetics monitoring (OD₆₀₀nm). Approximately 70% of the isolates demonstrated DCPIP reduction, indicating active redox metabolism associated with hydrocarbon utilization. Notably, Citrobacter freundii and Pseudomonas alcaligenes exhibited pronounced and sustained DCPIP reduction alongside measurable shifts in growth dynamics, suggesting enhanced metabolic adaptation to pyrene. The applied methods provide preliminary evidence of PAH-associated metabolic activity; the observed diversity among isolates highlights the functional versatility of gut-associated microbiota under semi-anoxic conditions. These findings position the ruminant intestinal microbiome as an underutilized source of bacteria with potential relevance for bioremediation in oxygen-limited environments and present a low-cost screening framework suitable for resource-limited laboratories and provide a foundation for further investigations involving molecular identification, enzymatic pathway analysis, and analy…
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: PAH biodegradation; Pyrene; DCPIP assay; Ruminant microbiome; Semi-anoxic environment; Bioremediation
  topic: keywords
creator: Voke Owarieta Urhibo
creator: Cyprian E. Oshoma
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Voke Owarieta Urhibo, Cyprian E. Oshoma
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 417
ending page: 424
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0401-49

Prevalence of Haemozoin among Patients with Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Some Selected Hospitals in Bakori and Funtua, Katsina State, Nigeria
type: item
description: In malaria diagnosis and accurate assessment is critical to clinical management. Intraleukocytic malaria pigment characteristics were explored as it relates to severe falciparum malaria. This study evaluates the prevalence of haemozoin among patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria in some selected hospitals in Bakori and Funtua, Katsina state, Nigeria. Intraleukocytic malaria pigment (hemozoin) was detected on thin films by counting 500 leukocytes and determining the proportions of haemozoin-containing neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes. A total of 392 blood samples were stained and examined under the light microscope using a 100x objective lens. Immunochromatography tests based on the capture of the parasite antigen from the peripheral blood using monoclonal anti-HRP-II antibodies were used for detecting Plasmodium falciparum antigens, as well as the presence and quantity of the malaria pigment in leukocytes in smears. The findings of this study recorded the highest number of intraleukocytic malaria pigment within the age group 2-10years, with 40.8% prevalence rate collectively, and the prevalence of haemozoin related to sex, the females had a higher prevalence compared to males. This could be due to a combination of biological factors, social inequalities and challenges in accessing preventive care.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hemozoin; Immunochromatography; Intraleukocytic; Leukocytes; Neutrophis
  topic: keywords
creator: A. M. Umar
creator: M. Sani
creator: E. J. Joshua
creator: A. Ado
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 A. M. Umar, M. Sani, E. J. Joshua
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 398
ending page: 403
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0401-47

Microbial Safety and Physicochemical Integrity of Houseboat Water in a Petroleum-Impacted Creek System of the Niger Delta
type: item
description: Potable water is a deceptively fragile part of public health, especially around aquatic environments that have been contaminated but remain clear hiding chemical and microbial dangers. This study evaluated the physicochemical integrity and microbiological safety of potable water stored aboard houseboats operating within the Jones Creek petroleum corridor of the Niger Delta over a three-month sampling period. A cross-sectional design was adopted, and triplicate samples were collected from multiple operational locations, including Amalgamated Marine and Technical Services Limited (AMAT), Nigerian Exploration and Production Limited (NEPL), and a treated reference source (Well Workover Node). Physicochemical parameters were determined using standard methods, while microbial quality was evaluated using membrane filtration, biochemical identification, and phenotypic virulence screening. Results showed that measured parameters were within recommended limits; however, bacterial isolates with detectable virulence traits were present, indicating Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. Virulence screening demonstrated haemolytic activity in 40% of isolates and lipase expression in 60%, suggesting heterogeneous but tangible pathogenic potential. The contrast between chemical compliance and detectable virulence traits indicates that physicochemical conformity does not equate to microbiological security. These findings demonstrate that physicochemical compliance does not guarantee microbiological safety, highlighting the need for integrated water quality monitoring in petroleum-influenced aquatic systems.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bacterial isolates; Houseboat water; Physicochemical quality; Virulence factors; Water safety
  topic: keywords
creator: A. O. Ogunkeyede
creator: V. O. Urhibo
creator: F. B. Okorhi-Damisa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 A. O. Ogunkeyede, V. O. Urhibo, F. B. Okorhi-Damisa
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 388
ending page: 397
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0401-46

Effects of Soil Organic Matter Fractions on Some Selected Physical and Chemical Properties of Forest Soils in Gashaka Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria
type: item
description: Soil organic matter fractions provide important insights into the mechanisms regulating soil carbon stabilization and nutrient dynamics in tropical ecosystems. This study investigated the distribution of soil organic carbon fractions and their relationships with selected soil physical and chemical properties in forest soils of Gashaka Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from twenty-five auger sampling points at two depths (0–20 cm and 20–50 cm) using a systematic sampling approach within a 100-hectare forestland. A total of fifty soil samples were analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), mineral-associated organic carbon (MOC), and selected soil physical & chemical properties using standard laboratory procedures. The results revealed clear vertical stratification of soil organic carbon fractions, with higher concentrations observed in the surface soil depth. Total organic carbon declined from 1.62% in the 0–20 cm depth to 1.21% in the 20–50 cm depth, while particulate organic carbon decreased from 0.46% to 0.38% with increasing soil depth. Mineral-associated organic carbon constituted the dominant carbon pool, accounting for approximately 71–73% of total organic carbon. The reduction in soil organic carbon fractions with depth corresponded with increases in bulk density and reductions in soil porosity, water holding capacity, and nutrient status. Surface soils with higher organic carbon concentrations also recorded greater total nitrogen and cation exchange capacity. The findings highlight the importance of vegetation-derived organic inputs and organo-mineral interactions in regulating carbon stabilization and sustaining soil productivity in tropical savanna ecosystems.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Carbon stabilization; Gashaka Nigeria; Mineral-associated organic carbon; Particulate organic carbon; Soil organic carbon fractions; Soil physicochemical properties; Tropical savanna soils
  topic: keywords
creator: S. A. Musa
creator: M. A.
creator: R. I. Solomon
creator: A. M. Saddiq
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 S. A. Musa, M. A., R. I. Solomon, A. M. Saddiq
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 540
ending page: 551
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2025-0304-61

Effect of Aqueous Extract of Tapinanthus brunneus leaves on diet-induced Hypercholesterolemia in Rats
type: item
description: Abstract Background: Hypercholesterolemia is a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases and is closely associated with oxidative stress. Plant-derived bioactive compounds have shown promise in modulating lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense systems. Objective: This study evaluated the hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of aqueous leaf extract of Tapinanthus brunneus in hypercholesterolemic rats. Methods: Twenty albino rats were divided into four groups (n = 5): a normal control (standard diet), a high-fat diet (HFD) control, and two treatment groups administered T. brunneus extract (5 and 10 mg/kg body weight) orally for 28 days. Serum lipid parameters and hepatic antioxidant enzymes—superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)—were assessed. Results: Treatment with T. brunneus significantly (p < 0.05) reduced serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides, while elevating HDL-cholesterol compared with HFD controls. Additionally, extract administration significantly enhanced hepatic SOD and CAT activities, indicating improved antioxidant status. Conclusion: Aqueous leaf extract of Tapinanthus brunneus exhibits significant hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities, suggesting its potential as a complementary therapeutic agent in the management of hypercholesterolemia and associated cardiovascular disorders.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Tapinanthus brunneus; hypercholesterolemia; lipid profile; antioxidant enzymes; SOD; catalase; cardiovascular disease
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdul-Azeez Balogun
creator: Kazeem O Adisa
creator: Amina Pama
creator: Abdulquadri F. Olutoye
creator: Al-Ameen Arole
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Abdul-Azeez Balogun, Kazeem O Adisa, Amina Pama, Abdulquadri F. Olutoye, Al-Ameen Arole
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 454
ending page: 462
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0401-53

Isolation and Identification of Dermatophytes Associated with Barbing Instruments in Ungogo Local Government Area, Kano State
type: item
description: Dermatophytosis is a common superficial infection that affects people irrespective of regional differences all over the world. The aim of this research was to isolate and identify dermatophytes associated with barbing instruments in Ungogo Local Government Area of Kano State. In the methodology, swabs and scrapings associated with barbing saloons were collected as samples. Direct microscopy was done using 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) and the samples were also cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) for the isolation of the associated dermatophyte species. The result revealed an overall occurance of 53(13.8%) positivity rate with four different dermatophytic species (with Trichophyton rumbrum (41.5%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (24.5%), Microsporum canis (17.0%), and Microsporum tonsurans (17.0) identified. The result also indicated that hair combs (66.0%) were more contaminated with damertophytes than clippers which had (34.0%). Contamination of instrument per species showed that T. rubrum had more occurrence on hair comb (63.7%) than clippers (36.4%); T. mentagrophyte also occurred more on hair comb (67%) than on clippers (33.3%). Similarly with T. tonsurans and M. canis were more isolated from hair comb than clippers. Dermatophytosis can easily be spread between individuals in barbing saloons, via the barbing instruments; Trichophytons and Microsporum species are of particular concern in the study area.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Barbing instruments; Dermatophytosis; Dermatophytes; Isolation and identification; Public Health
  topic: keywords
creator: H. Sule
creator: M. Yahuza
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 H. Sule, M. Yahuza
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 366
ending page: 370
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0401-42

Antimicrobial Potential of Endophytic Fungi from Capsicum annuum and Vigna Unguiculata Against Xanthomonas campestris and Fusarium oxysporum
type: item
description: This study investigated the isolation and characterization of endophytic fungi from Capsicum annuum and Vigna unguiculata, and evaluated their biocontrol potential against Xanthomonas campestris and Fusarium oxysporum. Endophytes were isolated from surface-sterilized plant tissues collected in Katsina State, Nigeria. Four fungi Alternaria sp., Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp., and Rhizopus stolonifer—were identified based on morphological characteristics. Antimicrobial activity of fungal culture filtrates was assessed in vitro using the agar well diffusion method at concentrations ranging from 25 to 100 µg/mL. Secondary metabolites of active isolates were analyzed using Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Results showed a dose-dependent inhibition by Penicillium sp. and A. niger, while Alternaria sp. and R. stolonifer exhibited no activity. Penicillium sp. demonstrated the highest efficacy, with inhibition zones of 24.5 ± 2.2 mm against X. campestris and 16.6 ± 0.3 mm against F. oxysporum at 100 µg/mL. Aspergillus niger showed moderate inhibition with zones of 17.1 ± 1.5 mm and 11.3 ± 0.22 mm, respectively. LC-MS profiling revealed the production of penicillin G and griseofulvin by Penicillium sp., and 2-phenylethanol by A. niger. However, both fungi also produced mycotoxins such as ochratoxin A, patulin, and gliotoxin. The study highlights the strong biocontrol potential of Penicillium sp. and A. niger, alongside significant biosafety concerns, emphasizing the need for non-toxigenic strains for sustainable agricultural application in Nigeria.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Antimicrobial Activity; Biocontrol; Endophytic Fungi; Mycotoxins; Secondary Metabolites
  topic: keywords
creator: G. Auwal
creator: A. A. Bem
creator: K. A. Bashir
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 G. Auwal, A. A. Bem, K. A. Bashir
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 279
ending page: 289
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0401-33

Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Mixed Ligand Metal (II) Complexes Derived from 2,2- Bipyridine and Oxalic Acid
type: item
description: The synthesis of the metal (II) mixed ligand complexes of Mn, Co, Ni and Cu was carried out successfully by the reaction of the metal (II) chloride with the ligands 2,2-bipyridine and oxalic acid and characterized on the bases of solubility, decomposition temperatures, FTIR, UV-visible data, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility, and elemental analysis. The analyses revealed that the metal complexes were soluble in DMSO, DMF and insoluble in certain organic solvents. It was discovered that the decomposition temperatures ranged from 243 - ˃300oC. The high decomposition temperature shows that the complexes are stable in nature. The IR data show that the mixed ligands were coordinated to each of the metal (II) ions. The non-electrolytic nature of all the complexes is indicated by their low molar conductance values (4.72-29.77 ohm-1 cm2 mol-1). Magnetic moment values (1.780-5.1085BM) of the complexes showed that all are paramagnetic in nature. The elemental analysis results of the ligands and the metal (II) complexes shows that the calculated percentages of C, H and N in the compounds and the experimental values(found) were in good agreement. This agrees with the proposed structures of the complexes. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the ligands and metal (II) were carried out. The metal complexes exhibit moderate antibacterial and antifungal activities compared to the free ligands. Generally, the activity increases with increase in concentrations. But their activities are lower than that of the controls.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: 2,2- Bipyridine; Antimicrobial; Characterization; Ligand metal (II); Oxalic acid; Synthesis
  topic: keywords
creator: Sumayya Rabiu Muhammad
creator: Auwa Sulaiman
creator: Muhammad Musa Ahmad
creator: Nasir Adamu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sumayya Rabiu Muhammad, Auwa Sulaiman, Muhammad Musa Ahmad, Nasir Adamu
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 310
ending page: 317
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0401-36

Bioactive Constituents and Inhibitory Effects of Methanolic Extract of Acacia nilotica against Plasmodium Trophozoites and Schizonts
type: item
description: Acacia nilotica is traditionally used for various ailments, though its anti-malarial properties require scientific validation. This study investigated the phytochemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and antiplasmodial activity of its 50% methanolic seed extract. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses were conducted using standard protocols. Antioxidant activity was evaluated via ABTS and DPPH assays, while anti-malarial efficacy was assessed in vitro against Plasmodium parasites. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of anthraquinones, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids. Quantitative analysis showed high concentrations of saponins (77.07%), flavonoids (62.12%), and alkaloids (15.2%). The extract demonstrated moderate antioxidant activity, with ABTS inhibition ranging from 49.5% to 15.5% across concentrations. Anti-malarial assessment revealed dose-dependent schizont inhibition, achieving 63.63% at 100 µg/mL, comparable to artemether (88.10% viability at same concentration). Acacia nilotica seed extract is rich in bioactive compounds, particularly saponins and flavonoids, with significant anti-malarial potential through schizont inhibition. These findings support its ethnomedicinal use and warrant further investigation for novel anti-malarial lead compounds.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Acacia nilotica; Antioxidant activity; Antiplasmodial activity; Phytochemical; Plasmodium Trophozoites; Schizonts
  topic: keywords
creator: F. Abubakar
creator: S. S. Sulaiman
creator: S. Abdulsalam
creator: B. N. Lawal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 F. Abubakar, S. S. Sulaiman, S. Abdulsalam, B. N. Lawal
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 271
ending page: 278
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0401-32

Effect of Solanum lycopersicum Supplementation on Lipid Profile and Atherogenic Indices in Wistar Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet
type: item
description: This study evaluated the potential of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) powder supplementation in preventing high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic, hepatic, and renal complications. Diets rich in fat, often associated with increased consumption of junk food, are prevalent and contribute to oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Nutraceuticals with antioxidant properties have been proposed as accessible and cost-effective strategies for mitigating such effects. Twenty-eight Wistar rats were assigned to four dietary groups: standard diet, HFD, HFD supplemented with 3.5% tomato powder, and standard diet supplemented with 3.5% tomato powder. Growth parameters, glycemic control, lipid profile, and markers of liver and kidney function were assessed using blood glucose monitoring, lipid profiling, and enzymatic assays. Results showed that rats fed tomato-supplemented HFD had higher feed intake and weight gain compared to the unsupplemented HFD group. Serum lipid analysis revealed increased cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoprotein levels in the supplemented groups. Liver enzyme activities (AST and ALT) were significantly elevated in the supplemented standard diet group, indicating possible hepatic stress. Renal function markers, including urea and creatinine, also showed significant alterations, suggesting potential kidney involvement. Atherogenic indices, including Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), Cardiac Risk Index I (CRI-I), and Cardiac Risk Index II (CRI-II), were evaluated. Although tomato supplementation did not cause a severe electrolyte imbalance, findings indicate limited benefits in weight control and lipid regulation, with possible adverse effects on liver and kidney function. These results highlight the need for further investigation before recommending tomato powder supplementation in high-fat diets.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cardiovascular risk; Dyslipidemia; Hepatoprotection; Metabolic health; Renoprotection; Tomato supplementation
  topic: keywords
creator: S. Idoko
creator: S. O. Otokpa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 S. Idoko, S. O. Otokpa
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 227
ending page: 233
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0401-27

Survey on Infestation and Damage of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Some Maize Fields in Kano, Nigeria
type: item
description: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm), an invasive pest native to the Americas, was first reported in Africa in 2016 and has since spread to over 44 countries across the continent. To confirm its presence and assess infestation levels and damage severity in Kano State, Nigeria, a field survey was conducted in selected Local Government Areas during both the dry and rainy seasons. The survey covered maize farms in Kura, Gwarzo, Tofa and Minjibir, using a random sampling method. Results indicated higher infestation and damage severity during the dry season, with the highest infestation rate recorded in Gwarzo (96%), and followed by Kura (89%). The damage severity was highest in Kura (8.0), followed by Gwarzo (6.8) on a 9.0 scale. In the rainy season, the highest infestation and damage severity were observed in Minjibir (75%, 5.35) and Gwarzo (51%, 4.25) respectively. These findings confirm the widespread presence and significant impact of Spodoptera frugiperda in the study area. Regular surveillance, monitoring and the implementation of integrated pest management strategies are recommended to mitigate the pest`s adverse effect on maize production. The results may also inform policy decisions regarding Spodoptera frugiperda management in Kano State.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Crop damage; Fall armyworm; Infestation; Maize; Survey
  topic: keywords
creator: I. M. Bello
creator: A. M. Shuaibu
creator: H. I. Ashir
creator: B. M. Jahun
creator: M. O. Adebola
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 I. M. Bello, A. M. Shuaibu, H. I. Ashir, B. M. Jahun, M. O. Adebola
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 221
ending page: 226
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0401-26

Prevalence of Gastro-Intestinal Parasites among Goats in Island of Naifaru, Maldives
type: item
description: Gastrointestinal parasitism remains an important constraint to small ruminant productivity; however, data on parasite occurrence in goats in the Maldives are lacking. This study investigated the prevalence of endoparasites in goats reared in Naifaru, Maldives, using standard parasitological techniques. A total of 32 faecal samples were collected from goats across six farms and examined for endoparasites employing direct faecal smear, simple faecal flotation, and sedimentation methods. The use of multiple diagnostic approaches improved detection sensitivity for both protozoan and helminth infections. Data obtained were analyzed descriptively to determine parasite occurrence and overall prevalence. The results indicated the presence of Eimeria spp. as the only detected endoparasite, while no helminth eggs or larvae were observed across all samples examined. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal endoparasites was low, with infections limited to intracellular protozoan parasites. The absence of helminth infections suggests either minimal exposure to infective stages or effective natural or management-related control within the study area. In conclusion, this study provides baseline data on gastrointestinal parasites in goats in Naifaru, Maldives, revealing a low prevalence of endoparasitic infections and no detectable helminthiasis. These findings highlight the need for continued surveillance and the implementation of appropriate management strategies to prevent potential parasite outbreaks and sustain goat productivity in the region.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Endoparasites; Goats; Maldives; Prevalence; Public Health
  topic: keywords
creator: Hussain Misfah Saamee
creator: Abubakar Muhammad Waki
creator: Mohammed Kyari Zango
creator: Tan Li Peng
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Hussain Misfah Saamee, Abubakar Muhammad Waki, Mohammed Kyari Zango, Tan Li Peng
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 185
ending page: 192
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0401-22

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Candida albicans Infection among Women of Childbearing Age Attending Ministry of Defence Headquarters Clinic, Garki, Abuja
type: item
description: Candida albicans is the primary pathogen responsible for vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), a common infection affecting women. This study evaluated the prevalence and risk factors among women of childbearing age attending the Ministry of Defence Headquarters Clinic in Garki. A cross-sectional study was employed to screen 250 women, with participants randomly selected. Well-structured questionnaires were administered to collect socio-demographic, behavioural, and health-related data. Then, high vaginal swabs (HVS) were collected aseptically and identified using standard morphological and microscopic analysis. The results show that a notable number of participants were exposed to C. albicans, with an overall prevalence of 4% and risk factors included vaginal douches (54.4%), high sugar diet (53.6%), smoking (50%), and regular use of tight clothing (45.6%). Many of these participants also reported a previous diagnosis of candidiasis and existing ill health conditions. The infection occurred highest among women with formal education (26.7%), widows (11.8%), students (7.0%), and pregnant women in their third trimester (50%). Notable symptoms revealed by previous medical records included additional diagnoses such as vaginal yeast infection (62%), diabetes (5%), and fibroid (2%). While this study highlighted a low prevalence, there is a need for routine screening and continuous health education to help mitigate the spread of this infection.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Prevalence; Risk factors; Vulvovaginal candidiasis; Women
  topic: keywords
creator: Adebimpe D. Babalola
creator: K. B. Dikwa
creator: B. C. Onusiriuka
creator: Y. Rabe
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Adebimpe D. Babalola, K. B. Dikwa, B. C. Onusiriuka, Y. Rabe
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 168
ending page: 176
doi: 10.33003/10.33003/sajols-2026-0401-20

The Role of Wetlands in Climate Regulation in Daura Local Government Area, Katsina State, Nigeria
type: item
description: This study observed the ecological condition, land use practices, and environmental pressures affecting selected wetland ecosystems in Kwarin Sarki, Unguwar Gabasawa, and Kwarin Lugga. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select 30 respondents (10 per site), comprising farmers, herders, traditional leaders, government officials, and local community members with knowledge of wetland utilization. Primary data were obtained through structured interviews, field observations, GPS, and soil sampling for organic matter (OM%) analysis. Findings reveal strong livelihood dependence on wetland resources, with farmers (46.7%) and herders (26.7%) forming the majority of respondents. Educational attainment was generally low, suggesting reliance on traditional ecological knowledge in resource management. Biophysical assessment showed clear spatial variation in vegetation condition and soil organic matter. Kwarin Lugga recorded the highest OM% (2.276) and relatively intact riparian vegetation, indicating better ecological stability. Kwarin Sarki exhibited moderate ecosystem resilience (OM% = 2.034), while Unguwar Gabasawa recorded the lowest OM% (1.369), reflecting significant degradation associated with flooding, deforestation, and settlement expansion. Natural stressors such as drought (83%), irregular rainfall (67%), and soil erosion (60%) further compound anthropogenic pressures across the sites. All the study site are good environment for animal grazing and fishing if the ecological strategic planning is going to be fully maintain.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Anthropogenic Pressure; Climate Change; Ecological control; Soil Organic Matter; Sustainability; Wetland
  topic: keywords
creator: Haruna Hassan
creator: Muhammad Haruna Musa
creator: Aisha Rabiu Wada
creator: Mohammed Yusuf Mawashi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Haruna Hassan, Muhammad Haruna Musa, Aisha Rabiu Wada, Mohammed Yusuf Mawashi
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 127
ending page: 135
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0401-15

Pattern of Morbidity and Outcome of Hospitalized Children: A retrospective Study in Goldfish Sea Hospital Kano, Nigeria
type: item
description: Under-five mortality is still very high in the African sub-region. In Nigeria alone, more than 2300 children aged less than 5years die every day. Nigeria is the second largest contributor to global under-five mortalities. More than 60% of the medical conditions in Nigeria are attended to in private hospitals. This study aimed to document the morbidity pattern and outcomes of admissions among children admitted into a private hospital in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted over three years period. The study population includes all children aged 0 to 15years that were admitted into the paediatric wards of the hospital in Kano, Nigeria. The age, gender, diagnoses and disease outcome of the patients were retrieved from the hospital medical records. Data analysis was done using SPSS Version 25. There were 1966 paediatric cases admitted over the study period. Males were 1110 (56.5%) and females were 856 (43.5%), with a male-to-female ratio of 1.3 :1. Over 90% of the children were less than 5years. Birth asphyxia (21.9%), Malaria (15.3%), Neonatal jaundice (14.7%), Acute diarrheal disease (9.5%), and pneumonia (9.4%) were the leading causes of admission. The patients who died during admission constituted 2.3% of the total admitted patients, with 66.9% of these deaths occurring in children under five years of age.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Admissions; Kano; Nigeria; Pattern; Paediatrics
  topic: keywords
creator: Aishatu Yahya Muhammad
creator: Abdurraman Bin Usman
creator: Sakina Yahya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Aishatu Yahya Muhammad, Abdurraman Bin Usman, Sakina Yahya
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 113
ending page: 119
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0401-13

Effect of Sex and Season on the Prevalence of Helminthic Parasites of Bagrus bayad in Sabke Dam, Katsina State, Nigeria
type: item
description: Fish parasites and diseases remain some of the most important area of research to fishery biologist. Fish may serve as intermediate or definitive hosts of parasites that are of economic importance to man and other animals. This research aimed to investigate the seasonal variations on the prevalence of parasites in Bagrus (Bagrus bayad) in Sabke Dam. One hundred and twenty (120) fish samples were collected, rinsed for ectoparasite. Specimens were dissected and organs were bathed in saline solution for parasite recovery and identification. The result shows that in Bagrus bayad the intestine had the highest occurrence of parasites of 24 (20.00%) followed by the stomach 22 (18.33%) respectively. Helminthic parasites recovered were Trematodes (Neascus sp), Cestodes (B. aegyptiacus, P. clarias and P. glanduliger), Nematodes (Contracaecum sp and P. laevionchus), and Acanthocephalan (N. rutuli) The result showed that the prevalence of infection increased with increase in the hosts size (length and weight), and infection was highest in the dry season. Therefore, follow up surveys on the life cycle of the major parasites should be done at certain intervals in order to identify any change in the trends of possible fish parasites that could affect the fish populations.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bagrus; Fish; Helminthic; Parasite; Prevalence; Sabke Dam; Season
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Musa Ahmad
creator: Zulkifilu Sani
creator: Abdulhamid Ahmed
creator: Taufik Babatunde Ademoula
creator: Bababngida Abdulkarim
creator: Abubakar Sani
creator: Aisha Rabiu Wada
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Musa Ahmad, Zulkifilu Sani, Abdulhamid Ahmed, Taufik Babatunde Ademoula, Bababngida Abdulkarim, Abubakar Sani, Aisha Rabiu Wada
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 105
ending page: 112
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0401-12

Occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus and their Resistant Strains in Raw Meat sold at a Metropolitan Abattoir in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
type: item
description: Staphylococcus aureus is a major foodborne pathogen associated with raw meat contamination and an emerging public health concern due to increasing antimicrobial resistance. This study assessed the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw meat sold at a metropolitan abattoir in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. A total of 80 raw meat samples, comprising beef, chevon, and mutton, were analyzed using standard microbiological methods. Isolation was carried out using Mannitol Salt Agar and confirmed by biochemical tests, while antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Out of the samples analyzed, 26 (32.5%) were positive for Staphylococcus aureus. Beef recorded the highest prevalence (40%), followed by chevron (32%) and mutton (24%), with no significant association between animal species and contamination (p > 0.05). The isolates showed high resistance to oxacillin (46.2%), erythromycin (42.3%), and penicillin (38.5%), while all the isolates were susceptible to vancomycin (100%). The presence of antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in raw meat highlights a potential route for transmission of resistant pathogens to humans through the food chain.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Abattoir; Antimicrobial resistance; Food safety; Raw meat; Staphylococcus aureus
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdulrahman Idris Adamu
creator: Adamu Saleh Saidu
creator: Abdulrahman Mohammed
creator: Muhammad Mamman Gashua
creator: Elisha Ibrahim
creator: Abubakar Malgwi Haruna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Abdulrahman Idris Adamu, Adamu Saleh Saidu, Abdulrahman Mohammed , Muhammad Mamman Gashua, Elisha Ibrahim, Abubakar Malgwi Haruna
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 382
ending page: 387
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0401-45

Neuroprotective Effects of Sesame Oil on Depressive-Like Behaviours in Mice Subjected to Open-Space Forced Swim Test
type: item
description: Depression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of sesame oil on depressive-like behaviours in mice subjected to the open-space forced swim test (OSFST). This study was carried out using thirty (30) adult mice; the animals were randomly divided into six (6) groups of five (5) animals each. Group I received normal saline (10 ml/kg) only, group II received normal saline (10 ml/kg) + OSFST, group III, IV and V were subjected to OSFST and received Sesame oil (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg), respectively and group VI received Fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) + OSFST. All administrations were carried out through the oral route and lasted for twenty-one days. Neurobehavioural assessments were carried out at the end of the twenty-one days of the experiment. Brain tissues were collected for neurochemical determination of serotonin levels. The results showed that administration of sesame oil (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) decreased immobility time (behavioural despair) and increased sucrose index (an indicator of anhedonia). Administration of Sesame oil (SO) improved cognitive performance compared to the normal saline (10 ml/kg) + OSFST group. Sesame oil 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) increased serotonin level when compared to the normal saline (10 ml/kg) + OSFST group. These findings suggest that SO may be beneficial in attenuating OSFST-induced depression and cognitive dysfunction mediated via modulation of serotonin.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Antidepressant-like effects; Behavioural despair; Depression; Open-space forced swim test (OSFST); Sesame oil
  topic: keywords
creator: Comfort Enesi
creator: Yusuf Yusha'u
creator: Abdul Wahab Alhassan
creator: Ahmed Sherif Isa
creator: Nachamada Solomon Emmanuel
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Comfort Enesi, Yusuf Yusha'u, Abdul Wahab Alhassan, Ahmed Sherif Isa, Nachamada Solomon Emmanuel
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 444
ending page: 453
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0401-52

Consumption of High Salt-Diet Causes Cortical and Hippocampal Lipid Peroxidation via Endogenous Antioxidant Depletion in Sleep Deprived Adult Female Wistar Rats
type: item
description: Excessive dietary salt intake is a major global health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where it significantly contributes to hypertension and other non-communicable diseases. Concurrently, chronic sleep deprivation is increasingly recognized as an independent risk factor for neurological and cardiovascular dysfunction. While each stressor individually impairs health, its combined impact on hippocampal oxidative balance and cognition remains poorly understood. In this study, twenty Adults female Wistar rats weighing 120-150 g were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 5 per group): control, high-salt diet (5% NaCl supplementation), sleep-deprived, and combined high-salt plus sleep-deprived. At the end of the experimental period, hippocampal tissue and blood samples were analyzed for oxidative stress biomarkers, including malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH). Cognitive performance was assessed using hippocampal-sensitive antioxidant assays. The combined high-salt and sleep-deprived group exhibited pronounced elevations in hippocampal and brain MDA levels (514.70 ± 10.03 vs. 436.32 ± 8.39) alongside significant reductions in CAT (3.60 ± 0.48 vs. 2.68 ± 0.19) and SOD (5.08 ± 0.45) activity compared to controls. These alterations were associated with impaired spatial learning and memory, consistent with hippocampal oxidative stress. Our findings demonstrate that concurrent high-salt intake and sleep deprivation synergistically disrupt hippocampal redox homeostasis and impair cognitive outcomes in female Wistar rats. This highlights the compounded risk posed by poor dietary patterns and inadequate sleep, with important implications for populations experiencing overlapping nutritional and lifestyle stressors.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: I. S. Malgwi
creator: N. S. Emmanuel
creator: G. S. Yakubu
creator: A. Muhammad
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 I. S. Malgwi, N. S. Emmanuel, G. S. Yakubu, A. Muhammad
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 098
ending page: 104
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0401-11

Harnessing Integrated Weed Management to Boost Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Yield and Profitability under Diverse Weed Flora in Nigeria’s Sudan Savanna
type: item
description: Weed infestation remains a major constraint to groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production in the Sudan Savanna of Nigeria, where diverse annual and perennial species compete for nutrients, light, and water. This study evaluated the efficacy and profitability of integrated weed management strategies at Bayero University Kano and Minjibir during the 2023 rainy season. Sixteen treatments, including various rates of pendimethalin 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 kg a.i. ha⁻¹; imazethapyr at 100, 125, and 150 g a.i. ha⁻¹ and its combination, hoe weeding and weedy check, were arranged in a randomised complete block design with three replications. Growth parameters, pod yield, and economic indices (net profit and benefit–cost ratio, BCR) were analysed. Results revealed significant (p < 0.05) treatment effects on all variables. The combination of pendimethalin at 1.5 kg a.i. ha⁻¹ with either hoe weeding at 6 weeks after sowing (WAS) or imazethapyr at 125 g a.i. ha⁻¹ produced the highest pod yields (1,222-1,398 kg ha⁻¹). These treatments demonstrated superior profitability, generating net returns of ₦290,800–₦315,025 ha⁻¹ and BCR values of 1.91-2.23. Conversely, sole herbicide applications and weedy checks resulted in marginal or negative returns (BCR < 1.0), while two hoe weedings at 3 and 6 WAS achieved comparable yields but incurred higher labour costs. Integrating chemical and mechanical control improves weed suppression and financial sustainability. Integrated weed management using pendimethalin at 1.5 kg a.i. ha⁻¹ plus imazethapyr at 125 g a.i. ha⁻¹ or hoe weeding at 6 WAS maximises groundnut yield and economic returns in the study area.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: I. M. Mussaddiq
creator: T. T. Bello
creator: E. A. Shittu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 I. M. Mussaddiq, T. T. Bello, E. A. Shittu
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 080
ending page: 089
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0401-09

Weed Flora Dynamics, Control Strategies and Varietal Response of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Productivity in the Sudan Savanna of Nigeria
type: item
description: A field study was conducted during the 2022 rainy season at Bayero University Kano and Bunkure, in Nigeria’s Sudan savanna, to evaluate weed flora dynamics, control treatments, and varietal performance on soybean. The experiment employed a split-plot design with seven weed control treatments comprising of pendimethalin at 1.0 and 1.5 kg a.i. ha⁻¹, imazethapyr at 100 g a.i. ha⁻¹, pendimethalin at 1.0 kg a.i. ha⁻¹ + imazethapyr at 100 g a.i. ha⁻¹, pendimethalin at 1.0 kg a.i. ha⁻¹ + hoe weeding at 6 weeks after sowing (WAS), hoe weeding at 3 and 6 WAS, and weedy check as main plots, and three soybean varieties (TGX-1448-2E, TGX-1835-10E, and TGX-1951-3F) as subplots. Results identified nineteen weed species, with broadleaf weeds like Ipomoea spp. and Cirsium vulgare predominating, while sedges such as Cyperus rotundus were more prevalent at Bunkure. Hoe weeding at 3 and 6 WAS and the integrated application of pendimethalin at 1.0 kg a.i. ha⁻¹ + imazethapyr at 100 g a.i. ha⁻¹ achieved the highest weed control indices (>70%) and lowest weed biomass. These treatments significantly enhanced leaf area index, pod weight, and seed yield (>2.6 t ha⁻¹), compared to the weedy check (<1.0 t ha⁻¹). Among varieties, TGX-1951-3F exhibited superior canopy development, weed competitiveness, and yield potential. Integrating herbicide use, specifically pendimethalin at 1.0 kg a.i. ha⁻¹ + imazethapyr at 100 g a.i. ha⁻¹, offers an efficient, less labor-intensive alternative to manual hoeing. Consequently, this integrated approach is recommended for sustainable and economically viable soybean production in the Sudan savanna.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Herbicide efficiency; Integrated weed management; Soybean productivity; Varietal competitiveness; Weed control index; Weed flora dynamics
  topic: keywords
creator: T. T. Bello
creator: K. A. Bature
creator: E. A. Shittu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 T. T. Bello, K. A. Bature, E. A. Shittu
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 059
ending page: 079
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0401-08

Genetic Diversity among Selected Nigerian Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars for Agronomic Improvement Towards Sustainable Food Security
type: item
description: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important cereal crop that serves as a staple food for millions of people in Nigeria and more than 50% of the world's population. Therefore, with the changing climate and global food challenges, the need to identify potential rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars cannot be overemphasised. Hence, the study seeks to explore and measure the level of genetic diversity among selected rice germplasm resources in Nigeria, to identify potential candidates for rice improvement programs. The experimental layout was a complete randomized block design (CRBD) with three replicates per cultivar. Genetic diversity was assessed using 10 SSR markers on 40 Nigerian rice cultivars. The study revealed significant variability among evaluated cultivars. Cluster analysis of molecular data divided the 40 cultivars into two major clusters with subclusters. Molecular analysis revealed 3.8 average alleles, heterozygosity (He = 0.55), gene diversity (GD = 0.58), Shannon’s index (I = 0.49) and PIC of 0.51 among rice cultivars, indicating a moderate level of genetic diversity. Heritability was highest in grain yield (H2 = 0.97). The observed polymorphism suggests potential cultivars with ample opportunity for a crop improvement program to develop new, resilient, high-yielding climate-smart cultivars through breeding.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cultivar, Diversity, Oryza Sativa, Rice, Variation
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmed Abdullateef
creator: Muhammad Aliyu
creator: Rabiu N. Kutiriko
creator: Ahmad Aliyu
creator: Adamu Saba
creator: Muhammad Kabiru Habibu
creator: Muhammad Isah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmed Abdullateef, Muhammad Aliyu, Rabiu N. Kutiriko, Ahmad Aliyu, Adamu Saba, Muhammad Kabiru Habibu, Muhammad Isah
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 035
ending page: 043
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0401-05

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Entamoeba histolytica Infection among Children Attending Selected Hospitals in Kaduna North Local Government Area, Kaduna, Nigeria
type: item
description: Amoebiasis, caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica, remains a major health challenge in developing countries like Nigeria, particularly among children, where poor sanitation and inadequate hygiene facilitate its transmission. This study investigated the prevalence of E. histolytica infection among children between the ages of 0 and 12 years old attending some selected hospitals in Kaduna North Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in which 138 stool samples were collected from children attending four selected hospitals: General Hospital Kawo (GHK), Ashmed Specialist Hospital (ASH), Garkuwa Specialist Hospital (GSH) and FOMWAN Maternity Hospital (FMH). Stool samples were examined using iodine wet mounted and examined by a light microscope for the presence of E. histolytica cysts and trophozoites. Data were analyzed using Chi-square statistics on SPSS version 20. The results revealed an overall prevalence of 48.0% (42/138). The highest occurrence was observed in General Hospital Kawo (18.5%), followed by Garkuwa Specialist Hospital (17.0%), Ashmed Specialist Hospital (7.5%), and FOMWAN Maternity Hospital (5.0%). Male children had a higher infection rate (28.0%) compared with females (20.0%). Age-related prevalence showed that children between the ages of 1–4 years old were the most infected (20.0%), followed by those aged 9–12 years old (13.5%) and then 5–8 years old (8.5%). The high prevalence observed indicates that amoebiasis remains endemic in the study area. Improved sanitation, health education, safe water supply, and routine screening are recommended to reduce infection among children.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Baba Gabi
creator: Saratu Abdulsalam
creator: Muhammad Alhassan Gabi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dr Baba Gabi, Saratu Abdulsalam, Muhammad Alhassan Gabi
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 215
ending page: 220
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0401-25

Evaluation of Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) Information Access in Schools: A Case Study of Udu Local Government Area in Delta State, Nigeria
type: item
description: This study assesses Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) practices and hygiene information access in schools within the Udu Local Government Area, Delta State, Nigeria. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, including systematic random sampling and structured questionnaires, the study collected data from 381 respondents across 35 schools. The findings reveal that primary water sources were boreholes/jacking pumps (47.5%) and hand-dug wells (50.4%). Functional handwashing facilities were vital for disease prevention, yet significant gaps in HSE information access exist. This study underscores the need for enhanced hygiene infrastructure and targeted interventions to promote safer learning environments, providing valuable insights for policymakers and educators.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Environment; Health; Hygiene; Information Access; Safety; Udu Local Government Area
  topic: keywords
creator: Akinyemi Olufemi Ogunkeyede
creator: Balogun Josephine Ebehiremen
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Akinyemi Olufemi Ogunkeyede, Balogun Josephine Ebehiremen
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 318
ending page: 325
doi: 10.33003/10.33003/sajols-2026-0401-37

Cells Adhesion Inhibitory Activity of Identified Compounds from Taminalia catappa Against Clinical Isolate of Trichosporon asahi
type: item
description: Trichosporon infection represents an emerging and still underestimated type of fungal infection that can lead to severe medical manifestations. It is associated with a high mortality rate worldwide, especially among immunocompromised patients. Trichosporon asahi rapidly forms biofilm which are cells composed of extracellular matrix. This biofilm formation by cell adherence to surfaces is a mechanism of antibiotic resistance employed by T. asahi. This research work is aimed at determining the adhesion-inhibitory activity of identified compounds from T. catappa against a clinical isolate of Trichosporon asahi. The microdilution method was used to form adhered cells on the microtitre wells and Column chromatography was used to fractionate the n-butanol extract of T. catappa. The wells containing nitrogen-based broth were inoculated with a cell suspension of Trichosporon asahi isolate and treated with fractions of N-butanol extracts of T. catappa. Fraction (F8) significantly inhibited the formation of adhered cells compared to other fractions, which is reflected in the concentration of the adhered cells formed. GC-MS of the F8 revealed various compounds with methyl ester having 99% purity. F8 fraction of T. catappa contains compounds most especially methyl ester, with 99% purity that disrupts the formation of adhered cells, therefore reducing antibiotics resistance.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Maimuna Zubairu
creator: Baba Gabi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Maimuna Zubairu , Baba Gabi
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 029
ending page: 034
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0401-04

Effects of Processing Methods on Proximate, Antinutrients, and Antioxidant Properties of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Flours and Organoleptic Properties of the Puddings
type: item
description: The effects of processing methods on proximate, antinutrients and antioxidant properties of pigeon pea flours and organoleptic properties of the puddings were investigated. Seven flours were produced using soaking, boiling and combined soaking/boiling processing methods and designated as: (So12) soaked for 12 h, (So24) soaked for 24 h, (B30) boiled for 30 min, (B60) boiled for 60 min, (S12B30) soaked for 12 h and boiled for 30 min, (S24B60) soaked for 24 h and boiled for 60 min and (RPPF) raw pigeon pea flour, which served as the control. The proximate, antinutrients, and antioxidant properties were analyzed using standard methods. The sensory properties of puddings produced from pigeon pea flours and sprouted cowpea flour were evaluated using the 9-point hedonic scale. The proximate results depicted that moisture ranged (5.45 – 9.66%), crude protein (18.85 – 24.16%), fat (1.31 – 1.80%), crude fibre (3.04 – 5.01%), ash (1.43 – 3.08%) and carbohydrate (59.55 – 65.68%). The energy value ranged from 349.22 to 356 kcal. The antinutrients were significantly (p<0.05) reduced by all the processing treatments. The antioxidant properties ranged for total phenol (85.95 – 162.99 mg/GAE/100g), total flavonoid (44.91 – 93.31 mg/QE/100g), DPPH (39.90 – 63.23%), FRAP (6.35 – 16.93 umol Fe2+/g), and ABTS (8.43 – 19.47 umol TE/g). The organoleptic results showed that the processed pigeon pea puddings recorded higher scores than the cowpea pudding, thus are more preferred. Therefore, flours with good nutrients, high antioxidant properties and acceptable products can be produced from pigeon pea processed by different methods.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pigeon pea, puddings, antinutrients, antioxidant properties, organoleptic, processing methods
  topic: keywords
creator: Dorothy Arukwe
creator: Ijeoma Okereke
creator: Blessing I. Offia-Olua
creator: Nkeiruka Nwanagba
creator: Gracemary Iwuanyanwu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dr. Dorothy C. Arukwe, Dr. Ijeoma F. Okereke , Dr. Blessing I. Offia-Olua , Dr. Nkeiruka L. Nwanagba , Miss Gracemary C. Iwuanyanwu
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 193
ending page: 206
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0401-23

Prevalence of Fascioliasis among Humans and Slaughtered Ruminants in Katsina Abattoir, Katsina State, Nigeria
type: item
description: Fascioliasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease of significant public health and economic importance in tropical regions. This study investigated the prevalence of fascioliasis among humans and slaughtered ruminants at Katsina abattoir, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study design was adopted involving 200 human participants and 300 ruminants (including cattle, sheep, and goats). Samples including faeces, bile, and liver tissues were collected and analysed using standard parasitological techniques. The overall prevalence in humans of 2.6% was recorded, with a significant association between age and infection (p = 0.011). The findings indicated a moderate level of endemicity in the study area. The overall prevalence of fascioliasis among ruminants was 14.3%. Species-specific prevalence showed that sheep had the highest infection rate (21.7%), followed by cattle (17%), while goats recorded the lowest prevalence (10%). In cattle, infections were most frequently detected in faecal (10.20%) and bile samples (8.84%), with liver samples having the lowest detection rate (1.36%). Among the sheep, bile samples had the highest occurrence of the infection (13.04%), whereas in goats, faecal samples recorded slightly higher occurrence (3.07%) than bile and liver samples (2.30% each). Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in prevalence among animal species (p = 0.145). The higher prevalence observed in sheep and cattle may be attributed to grazing habits and increased exposure to contaminated environments. This study highlights the need for improved control measures, including proper meat inspection, public health education, and strategic deworming programs to reduce transmission.
subject: Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Fascioliasis, prevalence, Ruminants, Zoonosis, Katsina, Nigeria
  topic: keywords
creator: Nanafaraha Sanusi
creator: Nkiru Charity Eberemu
creator: Manir Nasiru
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nanafaraha Sanusi, Nkiru Charity Eberemu , Manir Nasiru
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 360
ending page: 365
doi: 10.33003/sajols-2026-0401-41