Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity, Phytochemical Screening and GCMS Analysis of Ethanol and Aqueous Extracts Adansonia digitata Fruits (Kuka) Against Some Clinical Isolates

Abstract

Adansonia digitata plant is a tree with a wide range of medicinal properties used to treat a variety of infectious diseases locally. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the antibacterial activity, phytochemical screening and GCMS analysis of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Adansonia digitata fruits against some clinical isolates. The Powdered fruit of Adansonia digitata was extracted using the ethanol solvent and distilled water. The extracts component was subjected to Phytochemical screening using standard procedure. The extracts were tested for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, using disc diffusion methods using different concentrations. Gas chromatography mass spectrophotometer analysis was used to quantify the two extracts The results of phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, reducing sugars, steroids, saponins, phenols and tannins in both extracts, except tannin that was no dictated in aqueous extract Results of sensitivity test showed that ethanol extracts were more active than aqueous extract on the isolates tested. The extracts also demonstrated antibacterial activities as it showed zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Rseults revealed distilled water, and ethanol extract to be effective against all the test organisms used at the concentrations of 600 mg/ml and 800 mg/ml. The range of zone of inhibition using ethanol extract (10.0 mm – 14.0 mm) was significantly higher than zone of inhibition using aqueous extract (0.00 mm – 6.0 mm). The MIC values the extracts have the potential for the production of drugs against some clinical bacterial isolates.