Phytochemical Profile and Dietary Potential of Senna siamea (Kassod tree) Seeds: As a Sustainable Feed Resource for Cane Rats (Thryonomys swinderianus)

Abstract

The nutritional and phytochemical composition of Senna siamea (Kassod tree) seeds collected from Irepo Local Government Area (Kisi), Oyo State, was analyzed between October and December 2024. This study aims to generate data that will facilitate the effective utilization of this underexploited tropical seed in livestock feed formulation. The analysis revealed that the seeds contain a substantial protein content (21.69%), alongside notable levels of crude fat (7.65%), ash (5.96%), crude fiber (8.13%), and carbohydrates (48.44%). Additionally, they serve as a rich source of vitamin A (613.27 mg/100g) and contain vitamins D, C, and E, along with amounts of vitamins B1, B2 and B3. The mineral profile includes essential macro-minerals such as calcium, potassium, sodium, and magnesium, as well as micro-minerals like iron, manganese, zinc, and copper. Phytochemical screening identified several bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, tannins, phenolics, saponins, flavonoids, and steroids, with lower concentrations of cardiac glycosides and phytates. Although anti-nutritional factors such as phytates and oxalates were detected, their levels are unlikely to pose significant dietary challenges if appropriate processing methods are applied. The presence of these bioactive compounds suggests potential pharmacological applications, positioning Senna siamea seeds as a better resource for both traditional and modern medicinal formulations.