Antibacterial Activity of Leaves Extracts of Gongronema latifolium against Some Urinary Bacterial Isolates from Students of Federal University Dutsin-Ma

Abstract

Gongronema latifolium are known for various antimicrobial properties.  Hence, this study assayed the in-vitro effects of methanolic, aqueous and ethanolic leaves extract of Gongronema latifolium on bacterial species isolated from urine samples of students from Federal University Dutsinma. Thirty (30) urine samples were aseptically collected from the university students. Standard laboratory techniques were used for the isolation and identification of the organisms. The results showed the presence of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Results of the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, steroids, alkaloids, glycosides and saponins in the leaves extract. Six (6) millimeter sterile discs were impregnated with methanolic, aqueous and ethanolic extracts at different concentrations and the test organisms were spread evenly on Mŭller -Hinton plate. All the test organisms showed sensitivity to both methanolic and ethanolic leaves extracts of G. latifolium. The aqueous extracts showed less activity against the isolates. The zone of inhibition ranges from 10mm to 15mm for methanolic extract, 8mm to 14mm for ethanolic extract and 0mm to 3mm for aqueous extract. The findings of MIC and MBC revealed that S. aureus appears more susceptible to the methanolic extract (lower MIC and MBC). Both E. coli and P. aeruginosa show similar patterns of susceptibility to methanolic and ethanolic extracts while aqueous extracts show no measurable or weaker effects. The study has therefore established the antibacterial activities of extracts of G. latifolium against the isolates and hence, there is need for further research to ascertain the various medicinal properties of G. latifolium.