Insecticide Resistance Profile of Aedes aegpti from the Northern Part of Katsina, Katsina State

Abstract

Aedes mosquitoes are the primary vector of various relevant arthropod-borne viral infectious diseases worldwide. Insecticide resistance in Aedes mosquitoes has emerged as a major public health challenge due to its impact on the effectiveness of mosquito control efforts. Aedes mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti, serve as vectors for diseases including yellow fever, dengue fever, Chikungunya, and Zika virus. This study aims to evaluate the resistance mechanisms in Aedes mosquitoes exposed to four different insecticides, namely: Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT 4%), pirimiphos-methyl (0.25%), Bendiocarb (0.1%), and Permethrin (0.75%). Aedes mosquito larvae were collected from five LGAs, namely Batagarawa, Daura, Kaita, Katsina, and Mashi. The collected larvae were transported to the Insectary Laboratory. Department of Biology, UMYU, Katsina. The knockdown results obtained revealed that the knockdown rate (KDR) at 30 minutes showed that pirimiphos-methyl had the highest KDR of 39%, while permethrin had the least (1%). At 60 minutes, the KDR was highest (77%) in Aedes mosquitoes collected from Daura and tested with pirimiphos-methyl, while the least (3%) was in mosquitoes tested with permethrin from Kaita LGA. After twenty-four hours of exposure, the results obtained showed complete susceptibility (100%) to pirimiphos-methyl in all the selected LGAs, possible resistance (82% mortality) to Bendiocarb, and resistance to permethrin and DDT. Findings of this study indicated that Aedes mosquitoes from the study areas were susceptible to pirimiphos-methyl; these findings highlight the urgent need for integrated vector management strategies and the rotation of insecticides to mitigate resistance development in mosquito populations in Nigeria.