Study on the Prevalence of Ectoparasites and Endoparasites in Domestic Cats as Indicators of Zoonotic Parasite Risk in Dutsin-Ma Metropolis, Katsina State, Nigeria

Abstract

Ectoparasites and oral swabs from domestic cats indicate zoonotic parasite risk, yet data on the prevalence and associated risk factors in Dutsin-Ma Metropolis, Katsina State, Nigeria, are limited. This cross-sectional study determined the prevalence of ectoparasites and endoparasites in domestic cats and assessed associated risk factors. We sampled 180 domestic cats, 90 from Dutsin-Ma A Ward and 90 from Dutsin-Ma B Ward. Ectoparasites were collected using fine combs and forceps, while oral swabs were obtained for microscopic examination. Risk factor data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPSS version 25. Prevalence was calculated using descriptive statistics and risk factors were assessed using Odds ratios. The overall prevalence was 15.6% (28/180) for ectoparasites and 54.4% (98/180) for endoparasites. Four ectoparasite species were identified: Hyalomma impeltatum (35.7%), Amblyomma variegatum (25.0%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (21.4%), and Hyalomma rufipes (17.9%). Six endoparasite species were detected from oral swabs: Toxocara cati (18.3%), Toxascaris leonina (9.4%), Toxoplasma gondii (8.9%), Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (7.2%), Ancylostoma tubaeforme (6.7%), and Echinococcus granulosus (3.9%). Multi-cat household was the only significant risk factor for ectoparasite infestation (P = 0.040). Significant ward associations occurred for A. tubaeforme (P = 0.017) and A. abstrusus (P = 0.044). The detection of zoonotic parasites such as T. cati, T. gondii, and E. granulosus indicates a public health concern. Strengthening vector control, routine deworming, public health education, and the One Health approach are recommended.