Protective Effects of Aqueous (Azadirachta indica) Leaf Extract on Ethanol-Induced Renal Damage in Wistar Rats

Abstract

This study investigates the nephroprotective effect of Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf extract against ethanol-induced renal damage in Wistar rats. Fifteen rats were divided into three groups (n = 5): Group I received distilled water (control), Group II received 50% ethanol (1 ml/kg), and Group III received 50% ethanol (1 ml/kg) plus aqueous neem leaf extract (164.5 mg/kg). Treatments were administered orally for seven days. Renal function was assessed using biochemical markers and histological analysis. Ethanol exposure produced significant renal impairment, characterised by elevated serum urea and electrolyte imbalance, as well as structural disorganisation of kidney tissues. Co-treatment with neem leaf extract preserved renal histoarchitecture and improved biochemical indices, indicating a protective role against ethanol-induced toxicity. These findings highlight the antioxidant and cytoprotective properties of Azadirachta indica leaf extract and support its potential as a natural therapeutic agent in mitigating ethanol-related renal injury.