Prevalence and Risk Factors of Candida albicans Infection among Women of Childbearing Age Attending Ministry of Defence Headquarters Clinic, Garki, Abuja

Abstract

Candida albicans is the primary pathogen responsible for vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), a common infection affecting women. This study evaluated the prevalence and risk factors among women of childbearing age attending the Ministry of Defence Headquarters Clinic in Garki. A cross-sectional study was employed to screen 250 women, with participants randomly selected. Well-structured questionnaires were administered to collect socio-demographic, behavioural, and health-related data. Then, high vaginal swabs (HVS) were collected aseptically and identified using standard morphological and microscopic analysis. The results show that a notable number of participants were exposed to C. albicans, with an overall prevalence of 4% and risk factors included vaginal douches (54.4%), high sugar diet (53.6%), smoking (50%), and regular use of tight clothing (45.6%). Many of these participants also reported a previous diagnosis of candidiasis and existing ill health conditions. The infection occurred highest among women with formal education (26.7%), widows (11.8%), students (7.0%), and pregnant women in their third trimester (50%). Notable symptoms revealed by previous medical records included additional diagnoses such as vaginal yeast infection (62%), diabetes (5%), and fibroid (2%). While this study highlighted a low prevalence, there is a need for routine screening and continuous health education to help mitigate the spread of this infection.